Abstract
Aphid parasitoids on the Southern Great Plains provide important pest suppression services in summer and winter crops. The primary parasitoids Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson), Aphelinus nigritus (Howard), and Diaretiella rapae (McIntosh) use multiple aphid host species on multiple crops in agricultural landscapes and historically, L. testaceipes has been the most abundant and arguably most important. However, after the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), infested sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on the Southern Plains, A. nigritus increased in abundance and impact on this summer crop. We hypothesized that A. nigritus also would be more abundant in fields of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter canola (Brassica napus L.) in the region following the sugarcane aphid. From 2016-2019, we documented aphid parasitoid abundance and percentage of parasitism in Oklahoma winter crops during late fall and early spring using a standardized sentinel aphid deployment retrieval and rearing approach. Unexpectedly, A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes. However, percentage of parasitism by A. nigritus decreased during the study. Our results suggested that abundance of A. nigritus mirrored those of sugarcane aphids in the region, and the temporary presence of the parasitoid in winter crops reflected dynamics at a landscape level.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelinus nigritus increased in abundance and impact on sorghum after the sugarcane aphid infested sorghum.
- Interactor
- A. nigrituse0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- Melanaphis sacchariMelanaphis saccharie0pest
- Outcome
- abundance and impacte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Southern Plainse0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), infested sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) on the Southern Plains, A. nigritus increased in abundance and impact on this summer crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelinus nigritus was relatively abundant in winter wheat during Fall 2016.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Interactor
- A. nigrituse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- relatively abundante2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”
e2“A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphelinus nigritus parasitized as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields, more than L. testaceipes.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- sentinel aphidse2pest
- Second interactor
- A. nigrituse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitizinge2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 5.4%e2
- Comparator
- L. testaceipese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”
e2“A. nigritus was relatively abundant during Fall 2016, parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields which was more than the typically dominant parasitoid L. testaceipes”
Claim · model-written summary
Percentage of parasitism by Aphelinus nigritus decreased during the study.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- A. nigrituse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- percentage of parasitisme3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- during the studye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”
e3“However, percentage of parasitism by A. nigritus decreased during the study”
Claim · model-written summary
Abundance of Aphelinus nigritus mirrored that of sugarcane aphids in the region.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- A. nigrituse4biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- sugarcane aphidse4pest
- Outcome
- abundancee4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“parasitizing as many as 5.4% of sentinel aphids in winter wheat fields”
e4“Our results suggested that abundance of A. nigritus mirrored those of sugarcane aphids in the region”