Abstract
Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars. However, they are highly water demanding thus the increase of water use efficiency not affecting fruit production and quality is crucial. Four different agronomic managements were evaluated on ‘Redcall’ peach: completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S). Water was supplied till the field capacity when soil humidity reached the threshold of the readily available water. During fruit cell expansion S had leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) as well as stem water potential (Ψs) lower than T. Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T. Under water stress this peach cultivar behaved in a “conservative” way maintaining its Ψs above a safe threshold against embolism through stomata closure, thus reducing Pn. Few days before the harvest F drastically reduced gas exchanges, fruit growth, Ψs and soil water content albeit it received the same water volume of T. The increase of soil evaporation would be attributable to the disruption of the flattened crop as well as to the onset of soil cracking. Fruit production and size were affected by water stress in S and F, while M showed the highest productivity supplying 43% less water. The “conservative” behaviour of peach suggested that in certain conditions Ψs could not represent the real plant water status. Mulching with plastic film could be a promising practice in semi-arid conditions while the flattening practice should be refined since leaf functionality and fruit growth started to decrease only 15 days before the harvest.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The tilled plot with the same water volume as M had lower leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration than the completely tilled control during fruit cell expansion.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae0 - Organ / stage
- fruit cell expansione2
- Treatment
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
- Outcome
- leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr)e2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“During fruit cell expansion S had leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) as well as stem water potential (Ψs) lower than T”
Claim · model-written summary
The tilled plot with the same water volume as M had lower stem water potential than the completely tilled control during fruit cell expansion.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Organ / stage
- fruit cell expansione2
- Treatment
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
- Outcome
- stem water potential (Ψs)e2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“During fruit cell expansion S had leaf net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) as well as stem water potential (Ψs) lower than T”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with plastic film showed the same low stem water potential as the tilled plot with the same water volume at 120 DAFB.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulched with a plastic filme1
- Outcome
- Ψse2
- Direction
- lowe2
- Value
- 120e2
- Qualifier
- 120 and 135 DAFB, respectivelye2
- Comparator
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
The Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set showed the same low stem water potential as the tilled plot with the same water volume at 135 DAFB.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- Ψse2
- Direction
- lowe2
- Value
- 135e2
- Qualifier
- 120 and 135 DAFB, respectivelye2
- Comparator
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with plastic film had higher leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration than the tilled plot with the same water volume.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulched with a plastic filme1
- Outcome
- Pn, gs and Tre2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
The Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set had higher leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration than the tilled plot with the same water volume.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- Pn, gs and Tre2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- tilled plot supplying the same volume of Me1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with plastic film had leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration comparable with the completely tilled control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulched with a plastic filme1
- Outcome
- Pn, gs and Tre2
- Direction
- comparablee2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
The Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set had leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration comparable with the completely tilled control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- Pn, gs and Tre2
- Direction
- comparablee2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Interestingly M and F showed the same low Ψs of S at 120 and 135 DAFB, respectively even if their Pn, gs and Tr were higher than S and comparable with T”
Claim · model-written summary
The Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set drastically reduced gas exchanges, fruit growth and stem water potential before harvest despite the same water volume as the control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- gas exchanges, fruit growth, Ψse2
- Direction
- drastically reducede2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Few days before the harvest F drastically reduced gas exchanges, fruit growth, Ψs and soil water content albeit it received the same water volume of T”
Claim · model-written summary
The Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set drastically reduced soil water content before harvest despite the same water volume as the control.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- soil water contente2
- Direction
- drastically reducede2
- Comparator
- completely tilled (T)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Few days before the harvest F drastically reduced gas exchanges, fruit growth, Ψs and soil water content albeit it received the same water volume of T”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil evaporation is attributable to the disruption of the flattened cover crop and to soil cracking.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- increase of soil evaporatione1
- Qualifier
- disruption of the flattened crop as well as to the onset of soil crackinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“The increase of soil evaporation would be attributable to the disruption of the flattened crop as well as to the onset of soil cracking”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with plastic film gave the highest peach productivity while supplying 43% less water.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulched with a plastic filme1
- Outcome
- productivitye2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 43%e2
- Qualifier
- supplying 43% less watere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Fruit production and size were affected by water stress in S and F, while M showed the highest productivity supplying 43% less water”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress in the tilled plot with the same water volume as M affected peach fruit production and size.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- water stress in Se2
- Outcome
- Fruit production and sizee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e2“Fruit production and size were affected by water stress in S and F, while M showed the highest productivity supplying 43% less water”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after fruit set affected peach fruit production and size under water stress.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit sete1
- Outcome
- Fruit production and sizee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“completely tilled (T), mulched with a plastic film reducing soil evaporation and increasing diffuse light (M), mulching with a Leguminosae cover crop flattened after peach fruit set (F), tilled plot supplying the same volume of M that was supposed to be lower than T (S)”
e2“Fruit production and size were affected by water stress in S and F, while M showed the highest productivity supplying 43% less water”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem water potential may not represent the real plant water status of peach in certain conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- Ψse1
- Qualifier
- could not represent the real plant water statuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“suggested that in certain conditions Ψs could not represent the real plant water status”
Claim · model-written summary
Peach maintained its stem water potential above a safe embolism threshold through stomatal closure, thereby reducing leaf net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- Pne1
- Qualifier
- maintaining its Ψs above a safe threshold against embolism through stomata closuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“maintaining its Ψs above a safe threshold against embolism through stomata closure, thus reducing Pn”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching with plastic film could be a promising practice in semi-arid conditions.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- Mulching with plastic filme1
- Outcome
- a promising practicee1
- Qualifier
- in semi-arid conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“Mulching with plastic film could be a promising practice in semi-arid conditions while the flattening practice should be refined since leaf functionality and fruit growth started to decrease only 15 days before the harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
The flattening practice for the cover crop should be refined.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- flattening practicee1
- Qualifier
- should be refinede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“Mulching with plastic film could be a promising practice in semi-arid conditions while the flattening practice should be refined since leaf functionality and fruit growth started to decrease only 15 days before the harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf functionality and fruit growth decreased only 15 days before harvest.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Outcome
- leaf functionality and fruit growthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 15 days before the harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low humidity conditions occurring in Southern Italy till late summer allow the cultivation of late ripening peach cultivars”
e1“Mulching with plastic film could be a promising practice in semi-arid conditions while the flattening practice should be refined since leaf functionality and fruit growth started to decrease only 15 days before the harvest”
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