Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency in plants hinders growth and yield. Thus, this study aims to elucidate the responses and molecular characterization of genes in Fe-deficient sunflower. The study was conducted on 14 days-old sunflower plants cultivated in hydroponic culture under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient conditions. The Fe-starved sunflower showed substantial decrease in plant biomass, SPAD score, quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic performance index (Pi_ABS). Further, Fe shortage reduced Fe and Zn concentrations in roots and shoots, accompanied by a marked decrease of HaNramp1 and HaZIP1 expression in roots, suggesting the association of Zn status contributing to photosynthetic inefficiency in sunflower. The ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, along with HaFRO2 and HaIRT1 transcripts, were constitutively expressed, suggesting that sunflower plants can regulate FCR activity, although the lack of bioavailable Fe in the rhizosphere strongly corresponds to the limited Fe uptake in sunflower. The substantial increase of proton extrusion in roots and the localization of Fe-related genes in the plasma membrane are also evident in sunflower as common responses to Fe-deficiency by this Strategy I plant species. Analysis showed that three motifs of Fe-related proteins were linked to the ZIP zinc transporter. The interactome map revealed the close partnership of these Fe-related genes in addition to FRU gene encoding putative transcription factor linked to Fe uptake response. The cis-regulatory analysis of promoter suggested the involvement of auxin, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate-responsive elements in the regulatory process in response to Fe deficiency. These findings may be beneficial to develop Fe-efficient sunflower plants through breeding or genome editing approaches.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-starved sunflower showed decreased biomass, SPAD score and PSII efficiency.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Fe-starvede0
- Outcome
- plant biomass, SPAD score, quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Fe-starved sunflower showed substantial decrease in plant biomass, SPAD score, quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic performance index (Pi_ABS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-starved sunflower showed decreased photosynthetic performance index.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Fe-starvede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performance index (Pi_ABS)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Fe-starved sunflower showed substantial decrease in plant biomass, SPAD score, quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic performance index (Pi_ABS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron shortage reduced iron and zinc concentrations in sunflower roots and shoots.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fe shortage reduced Fe and Zn concentrations in roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron shortage decreased HaNramp1 and HaZIP1 expression in sunflower roots.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“a marked decrease of HaNramp1 and HaZIP1 expression in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferric chelate reductase activity and HaFRO2 and HaIRT1 transcripts were constitutively expressed.
- Gene
- HaFRO2 and HaIRT1e0
- Outcome
- ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, along with HaFRO2 and HaIRT1 transcriptse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, along with HaFRO2 and HaIRT1 transcripts, were constitutively expressed”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency increased proton extrusion in sunflower roots.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“The substantial increase of proton extrusion in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-related genes were localized in the plasma membrane.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the localization of Fe-related genes in the plasma membrane”
Claim · model-written summary
Three motifs of iron-related proteins were linked to the ZIP zinc transporter.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“three motifs of Fe-related proteins were linked to the ZIP zinc transporter”
Claim · model-written summary
The interactome map showed close partnership among iron-related genes and FRU.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The interactome map revealed the close partnership of these Fe-related genes in addition to FRU gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter analysis suggested auxin, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate response elements in iron-deficiency regulation.
- Outcome
- auxin, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate-responsive elementse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The cis-regulatory analysis of promoter suggested the involvement of auxin, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate-responsive elements in the regulatory process in response to Fe deficiency”
The same questions in other papers
iron atom · nutrient: content · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.