Abstract
The non-clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae variants, isolated from different environments, are now well acknowledged for their role in plant-growth promotion and biodegradation of pollutants. In the present study, a non-clinical environmental isolate K. pneumoniae AWD5 is being described for rhizoremediation of pyrene, applied through the rhizosphere of an ornamental plant, Tagetes erecta L (marigold). The non-pathogenic nature of AWD5 was established using an in vivo mouse model experiment, where AWD5 was unable to cause lung infection in tested mice. Degradation of pyrene, in the presence of succinate as co-substrate, was observed to be 87.5% by AWD5, after 21 days of incubation in minimal (Bushnell–Hass) medium in vitro conditions. Consequently, the bacterial inoculation through the rhizosphere of T. erecta L. plants resulted in 68.61% degradation of pyrene, which was significantly higher than control soil. Inoculation of AWD5 also improved plant growth and exhibited an increase in root length (14.64%), dry root weight (80.56%), shoot length (3.26%), and dry shoot weight (45.35%) after 60 days of incubation. T. erecta L., an ornamental plant, was also found to be suitable for bioremediation of pyrene. The effect of AWD5 application, and rhizoremediation process, on rhizosphere bacterial diversity and community structure has been studied using the metagenomic analysis of the 16S (V3–V4) region of rRNA. 37 bacterial phyla constituted the core microbiome, which was dominated by Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes for all the treatments. AWD5 inoculation enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acidobacteria as compared with other treatments. Genus Kaistobacter and Verrucomicrobia were found to be an abundant indigenous population in pyrene-spiked soils. Bacterial richness and diversity were analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener (H) index. A lower diversity index was observed in pyrene-spiked soils. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a possible linkage with plant growth attributes and available nitrogen content that influences diversity and abundance of the bacterial community.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, the non-pathogenic isolate AWD5 degraded 87.5% of pyrene in 21 days.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.
Tagetes erectat0 - Interactor
- AWD5e1symbiont
- Outcome
- Degradation of pyrenee1
- Value
- 87.5%e1
- Qualifier
- after 21 days of incubation in minimal (Bushnell–Hass) mediume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e1“Degradation of pyrene, in the presence of succinate as co-substrate, was observed to be 87.5% by AWD5, after 21 days of incubation in minimal (Bushnell–Hass) medium in vitro conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation through the rhizosphere of T. erecta L. increased pyrene degradation to 68.61%, higher than in control soil.
- Taxon
- T. erecta L.Tagetes erectae2
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculation through the rhizospheree2
- Outcome
- degradation of pyrenee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 68.61%e2
- Comparator
- control soile2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Consequently, the bacterial inoculation through the rhizosphere of T. erecta L. plants resulted in 68.61% degradation of pyrene, which was significantly higher than control soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AWD5 increased T. erecta root length by 14.64%.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of AWD5e3
- Interactor
- AWD5e3symbiont
- Outcome
- root lengthe3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 14.64%e3
- Qualifier
- after 60 days of incubatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e3“Inoculation of AWD5 also improved plant growth and exhibited an increase in root length (14.64%), dry root weight (80.56%), shoot length (3.26%), and dry shoot weight (45.35%) after 60 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AWD5 increased T. erecta dry root weight by 80.56%.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of AWD5e3
- Interactor
- AWD5e3symbiont
- Outcome
- dry root weighte3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 80.56%e3
- Qualifier
- after 60 days of incubatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e3“Inoculation of AWD5 also improved plant growth and exhibited an increase in root length (14.64%), dry root weight (80.56%), shoot length (3.26%), and dry shoot weight (45.35%) after 60 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AWD5 increased T. erecta shoot length by 3.26%.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of AWD5e3
- Interactor
- AWD5e3symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 3.26%e3
- Qualifier
- after 60 days of incubatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e3“Inoculation of AWD5 also improved plant growth and exhibited an increase in root length (14.64%), dry root weight (80.56%), shoot length (3.26%), and dry shoot weight (45.35%) after 60 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AWD5 increased T. erecta dry shoot weight by 45.35%.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of AWD5e3
- Interactor
- AWD5e3symbiont
- Outcome
- dry shoot weighte3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 45.35%e3
- Qualifier
- after 60 days of incubatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e3“Inoculation of AWD5 also improved plant growth and exhibited an increase in root length (14.64%), dry root weight (80.56%), shoot length (3.26%), and dry shoot weight (45.35%) after 60 days of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD5 inoculation enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acidobacteria compared with other treatments.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- AWD5 inoculatione4
- Interactor
- AWD5e4symbiont
- Outcome
- relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acidobacteriae4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- other treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e4“AWD5 inoculation enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acidobacteria as compared with other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil spiked with pyrene had a lower bacterial diversity index.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Treatment
- pyrene-spiked soilse5
- Outcome
- diversity indexe5
- Direction
- lowere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e5“A lower diversity index was observed in pyrene-spiked soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Genus Kaistobacter and Verrucomicrobia were an abundant indigenous population in pyrene-spiked soils.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Outcome
- abundant indigenous populatione6
- Qualifier
- Genus Kaistobacter and Verrucomicrobiae6
- Setting
- pyrene-spiked soilse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e6“Genus Kaistobacter and Verrucomicrobia were found to be an abundant indigenous population in pyrene-spiked soils”
Claim · model-written summary
The core rhizobacterial microbiome comprised 37 phyla, dominated by Proteobacteria.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Outcome
- core microbiomee7
- Value
- 37 bacterial phylae7
- Qualifier
- dominated by Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteriae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e7“37 bacterial phyla constituted the core microbiome, which was dominated by Proteobacteria followed by Actinobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes for all the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen content and plant growth attributes showed a possible linkage with the diversity and abundance of the rhizobacterial community.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Compound
- available nitrogen contente1
- Outcome
- diversity and abundance of the bacterial communitye1
- Qualifier
- possible linkagee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e1“Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed a possible linkage with plant growth attributes and available nitrogen content that influences diversity and abundance of the bacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
AWD5 was unable to cause lung infection in tested mice.
- Taxon
- Tagetes erecta L.Tagetes erectat0
- Outcome
- lung infectione1
- Qualifier
- in tested micee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tagetes erecta L.”
e1“AWD5 was unable to cause lung infection in tested mice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tagetes erecta was found suitable for bioremediation of pyrene.
- Taxon
- T. erecta L.Tagetes erectae1
- Outcome
- bioremediation of pyrenee1
- Qualifier
- suitablee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“T. erecta L., an ornamental plant, was also found to be suitable for bioremediation of pyrene”
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