Abstract
A common morphological feature of typical angiosperms is the patterning of lateral organs along primary axes of asymmetry-a proximodistal, a mediolateral, and an adaxial-abaxial axis. Angiosperm leaves usually have distinct adaxial-abaxial identity, which is required for the development of a flat shape. By contrast, many unifacial leaves, consisting of only the abaxial side, show a flattened morphology. This implicates a unique mechanism that allows leaf flattening independent of adaxial-abaxial identity. In this study, we report a role for auxin in outgrowth of unifacial leaves. In two closely related unifacial-leaved species of Juncaceae, Juncus prismatocarpus with flattened leaves, and Juncus wallichianus with transversally radialized leaves, the auxin-responsive gene GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE3 displayed spatially different expression patterns within leaf primordia. Treatment of J. prismatocarpus seedlings with exogenous auxin or auxin transport inhibitors, which disturb endogenous auxin distribution, eliminated leaf flatness, resulting in a transversally radialized morphology. These treatments did not affect the radialized morphology of leaves of J. wallichianus. Moreover, elimination of leaf flatness by these treatments accompanied dysregulated expression of genetic factors needed to specify the leaf central-marginal polarity in J. prismatocarpus. The findings imply that lamina outgrowth of unifacial leaves relies on proper placement of auxin, which might induce initial leaf flattening and subsequently act to specify leaf polarity, promoting further flattening growth of leaves.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The two Juncus species had spatially different GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE3 expression in leaf primordia.
- Taxon
- Juncus prismatocarpus
.jpg?width=60)
Juncus prismatocarpuse0 - Organ / stage
- leaf primordiae0
- Gene
- GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE3e0
- Outcome
- spatially different expression patternse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In two closely related unifacial-leaved species of Juncaceae, Juncus prismatocarpus with flattened leaves, and Juncus wallichianus with transversally radialized leaves, the auxin-responsive gene GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE3 displayed spatially different expression patterns within leaf primordia.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxin eliminated leaf flatness in J. prismatocarpus seedlings.
- Taxon
- J. prismatocarpusJuncus prismatocarpuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- exogenous auxine0
- Outcome
- leaf flatnesse0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of J. prismatocarpus seedlings with exogenous auxin or auxin transport inhibitors, which disturb endogenous auxin distribution, eliminated leaf flatness, resulting in a transversally radialized morphology.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin transport inhibitors eliminated leaf flatness in J. prismatocarpus seedlings.
- Taxon
- J. prismatocarpusJuncus prismatocarpuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- auxin transport inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- leaf flatnesse0
- Direction
- eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of J. prismatocarpus seedlings with exogenous auxin or auxin transport inhibitors, which disturb endogenous auxin distribution, eliminated leaf flatness, resulting in a transversally radialized morphology.”
Claim · model-written summary
These auxin treatments did not change radialized leaf morphology in J. wallichianus.
- Taxon
- J. wallichianusJuncus wallichianuse0
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Outcome
- radialized morphology of leavese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“These treatments did not affect the radialized morphology of leaves of J. wallichianus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Eliminating flatness with auxin treatments accompanied dysregulated expression of leaf polarity factors in J. prismatocarpus.
- Taxon
- J. prismatocarpusJuncus prismatocarpuse0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dysregulated expression of genetic factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elimination of leaf flatness by these treatments accompanied dysregulated expression of genetic factors needed to specify the leaf central-marginal polarity in J. prismatocarpus.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that proper auxin placement may initiate and promote flattening of unifacial leaves.
- Outcome
- lamina outgrowth of unifacial leavese0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- proper placement of auxine0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“lamina outgrowth of unifacial leaves relies on proper placement of auxin, which might induce initial leaf flattening and subsequently act to specify leaf polarity, promoting further flattening growth of leaves.”