Abstract
Summary Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play vital roles in metabolic regulations and stimuli responses in plants. However, little is known about their function in grapevine. Here, we report that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 , two paralogous CDPKs from Vitis pseudoreticulata accession Baihe‐35‐1, appear to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance. The transcription of them in leaves of ‘Baihe‐35‐1’ were differentially induced upon powdery mildew infection. Overexpression of VpCDPK9‐YFP or VpCDPK13‐YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew (YFP, yellow fluorescent protein). This might be due to elevation of SA and ethylene production, and excess accumulation of H 2 O 2 and callose in penetrated epidermal cells and/or the mesophyll cells underneath. Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre‐mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance. However, these phenotypes were abolished in VpCDPK9‐YFP transgenic lines impaired in SA signaling ( pad4sid2 ) or ethylene signaling ( ein2 ). Moreover, both of VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 were found to interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo (ACS, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase; MAPK, mitogen‐activated protein kinase). These results suggest that VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 contribute to powdery mildew resistance via positively regulating SA and ethylene signaling in grapevine.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 transcription was induced differently after powdery mildew infection.
- Material
- Baihe‐35‐1e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Outcome
- transcriptione0
- Direction
- differentially inducede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The transcription of them in leaves of ‘Baihe‐35‐1’ were differentially induced upon powdery mildew infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing VpCDPK9-YFP enhanced powdery mildew resistance in Thompson Seedless.
- Taxon
- V. vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Material
- Thompson Seedlesse0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Gene
- VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Outcome
- resistance to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of VpCDPK9‐YFP or VpCDPK13‐YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpressing VpCDPK13-YFP enhanced powdery mildew resistance in Thompson Seedless.
- Taxon
- V. viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Thompson Seedlesse0
- Treatment
- VpCDPK13‐YFPe0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Gene
- VpCDPK13‐YFPe0
- Outcome
- resistance to powdery mildewe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of VpCDPK9‐YFP or VpCDPK13‐YFP in the V. vinifera susceptible cultivar Thompson Seedless resulted in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew”
Claim · model-written summary
VpCDPK9-YFP expression in Arabidopsis produced reduced stature and premature senescence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Gene
- VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Outcome
- reduced stature, pre‐mature senescencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre‐mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
VpCDPK9-YFP expression enhanced powdery mildew resistance in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Interactor
- powdery mildewe0pathogen
- Gene
- VpCDPK9‐YFPe0
- Outcome
- powdery mildew resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ectopic expression of VpCDPK9‐YFP in Arabidopsis resulted in varied degrees of reduced stature, pre‐mature senescence and enhanced powdery mildew resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Impaired SA or ethylene signaling abolished these transgenic phenotypes.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“these phenotypes were abolished in VpCDPK9‐YFP transgenic lines impaired in SA signaling ( pad4sid2 ) or ethylene signaling ( ein2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 interacted with, and potentially phosphorylated, VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo.
- Gene
- VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13e0
- Outcome
- interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both of VpCDPK9 and VpCDPK13 were found to interact with and potentially phosphorylate VpMAPK3, VpMAPK6, VpACS1 and VpACS2 in vivo”
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