Abstract
The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had no effect on soybean yield and quality.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Tillagee2
- Outcome
- yield and the quality parameterse2
- Direction
- no effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e2“Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Climate specific to the years affected soybean yield and quality.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- the climate specific of the yearse2
- Outcome
- yield and the quality parameterse2
- Direction
- affectede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e2“Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization affected soybean yield and quality.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- yield and the quality parameterse2
- Direction
- affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e2“Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2)e3
- Outcome
- soybean yielde3
- Direction
- reacted favorablye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e3“Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield reacted favorably to two rates of fertilization.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- two rates of fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- soybean yielde3
- Direction
- reacted favorablye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e3“Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization rates influence the protein and fiber content of soybean grains.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- fertilization ratese4
- Outcome
- protein and fiber contente4
- Direction
- influencee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e4“The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content of 38.90 g kg−1 DM was recorded with a reduced tillage system at one single fertilization rate and a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme5
- Outcome
- protein contente5
- Direction
- Higher valuese5
- Value
- 38.90 g kg−1 DMe5
- Qualifier
- one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e5“Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content of 38.72 g kg−1 DM was recorded with a reduced tillage system and two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- reduced tillage systeme5
- Outcome
- protein contente5
- Direction
- Higher valuese5
- Value
- 38.72 g kg−1 DMe6
- Qualifier
- two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops”
e5“Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2”
e6“and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2”
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