Abstract
Nowadays, use of botanical compounds as pesticides is becoming increasingly important, because of their acceptable efficiency and relative safety to human and environment. The present study aimed to investigate oral toxicity of different extracts of Achillea millefolium L. and Marrubium vulgare L., against larvae of potato tuber moth and compare their potency with some conventional insecticides. Larvae of potato tuber moth, reared on potato tubers in controlled conditions. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water as solvents. Foliage of A. millefolium and M. vulgare collected, well washed with distilled water, air dried in shadow then used for extraction. For bioassays fresh potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts for 5 seconds, air dried for 20 minutes. Potato tuber moth larvae transferred on treated leaves. Mortality was recorded after 48 hours. The results revealed that, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefolium showed the most and the least toxicity against 1st larval instar, with LC50 values of 2.96 and 44.03 gr/lrespectively. Methanol extract of A. millefolium and ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgare were more and less toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTM with LC50 values of 9.03 and 34.79 gr/l, respectively. The toxicity comparison of plants extracts with Fenvalerate, Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid showed that, in all cases the synthetic pesticides were more toxic than plant extracts. Acetamiprid with LC50 values of 0.18 and 0.31 gr/l was more toxic than other pesticides against 1st and 2nd larval instars of PTM, respectively but relative potency of plant extracts was comparable with Fenvalerate.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Aqueous A. millefolium extract was most toxic to first instar larvae, with LC50 of 2.96 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume1 - Treatment
- aqueouse0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxicity against 1st larval instare0
- Direction
- moste0
- Value
- 2.96e0
- Comparator
- ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefoliume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefolium showed the most and the least toxicity against 1st larval instar, with LC50 values of 2.96 and 44.03 gr/lrespectively.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate A. millefolium extract was least toxic to first instar larvae, with LC50 of 44.03 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefoliume0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxicity against 1st larval instare0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Value
- 44.03 gr/le0
- Comparator
- aqueouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of A. millefolium showed the most and the least toxicity against 1st larval instar, with LC50 values of 2.96 and 44.03 gr/lrespectively.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol A. millefolium extract was more toxic to second instar larvae, with LC50 of 9.03 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Methanol extract of A. millefoliume0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTMe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 9.03e0
- Comparator
- ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgaree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methanol extract of A. millefolium and ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgare were more and less toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTM with LC50 values of 9.03 and 34.79 gr/l, respectively.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate M. vulgare extract was less toxic to second instar larvae, with LC50 of 34.79 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgaree0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTMe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 34.79 gr/le0
- Comparator
- Methanol extract of A. millefoliume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methanol extract of A. millefolium and ethyl acetate extracts of M. vulgare were more and less toxic against 2nd larval instar of PTM with LC50 values of 9.03 and 34.79 gr/l, respectively.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic pesticides were more toxic than plant extracts to potato tuber moth.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- synthetic pesticidese0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxice0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- plant extractse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all cases the synthetic pesticides were more toxic than plant extracts.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid was more toxic than other pesticides against first instar larvae, with LC50 of 0.18 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Acetamipride0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- toxic than other pesticides against 1ste0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 0.18e0
- Comparator
- other pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetamiprid with LC50 values of 0.18 and 0.31 gr/l was more toxic than other pesticides against 1st and 2nd larval instars of PTM, respectively”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetamiprid was more toxic than other pesticides against second instar larvae, with LC50 of 0.31 gr/l.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- Acetamipride0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- 2nd larval instars of PTMe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 0.31 gr/le0
- Comparator
- other pesticidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetamiprid with LC50 values of 0.18 and 0.31 gr/l was more toxic than other pesticides against 1st and 2nd larval instars of PTM, respectively”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant extract potency was comparable with Fenvalerate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume1
- Treatment
- plant extractse0
- Interactor
- potato tuber mothe2pest
- Outcome
- relative potencye0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- Fenvaleratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative potency of plant extracts was comparable with Fenvalerate.”
e1“potato leaves dipped in each concentration of extracts”
e2“potato tuber moth larvae”
The same questions in other papers
ethyl acetate · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
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botanical · pest · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.