Paper · 2021 · Frontiers in Plant Science

Silicon-Mediated Enhancement of Herbivore Resistance in Agricultural Crops

Flor E. Acevedo; Michelle Peiffer; Swayamjit Ray; et al.

9
claims
9
verbatim quotes
56
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial mineral that enhances plant protection against abiotic and biotic stresses, including insect herbivores. Si increases mechanical and biochemical defenses in a variety of plant species. However, the use of Si in agriculture remains poorly adopted despite its widely documented benefits in plant health. In this study, we tested the effect of Si supplementation on the induction of plant resistance against a chewing herbivore in crops with differential ability to accumulate this element. Our model system comprised the generalist herbivore fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda and three economically important plant species with differential ability to uptake silicon: tomato (non-Si accumulator), soybean, and maize (Si-accumulators). We investigated the effects of Si supply and insect herbivory on the induction of physical and biochemical plant defenses, and herbivore growth using potted plants in greenhouse conditions. Herbivory and Si supply increased peroxidase (POX) activity and trichome density in tomato, and the concentration of phenolics in soybean. Si supplementation increased leaf Si concentration in all plants. Previous herbivory affected FAW larval weight gain in all plants tested, and the Si treatment further reduced weight gain of larvae fed on Si accumulator plants. Notably, our results strongly suggest that non-glandular trichomes are important reservoirs of Si in maize and may increase plant resistance to chewing herbivores. We conclude that Si offers transient resistance to FAW in soybean, and a more lasting resistance in maize. Si supply is a promising strategy in management programs of chewing herbivores in Si-accumulator plants.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 9

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Herbivory and silicon supply increased peroxidase activity and trichome density in tomato.

Treatment
Herbivory and Si supplye0
Outcome
peroxidase (POX) activity and trichome densitye0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Herbivory and Si supply increased peroxidase (POX) activity and trichome density in tomato”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1050 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Herbivory and silicon supply increased phenolics in soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Herbivory and Si supplye0
Interactor
Herbivorye0herbivore
Outcome
concentration of phenolicse0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Herbivory and Si supply increased peroxidase (POX) activity and trichome density in tomato, and the concentration of phenolics in soybean.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 960–1098 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon supplementation increased leaf silicon concentration in all plants.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee0
Treatment
Si supplementatione0
Outcome
leaf Si concentratione0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Si supplementation increased leaf Si concentration in all plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1164 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Previous herbivory affected armyworm larval weight gain across the plants.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee0
Treatment
Previous herbivorye0
Interactor
FAWe0herbivore
Outcome
FAW larval weight gaine0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Previous herbivory affected FAW larval weight gain in all plants tested”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1165–1236 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Silicon further reduced armyworm larval weight gain on silicon-accumulating plants.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee0
Treatment
Si treatmente0
Interactor
larvaee0herbivore
Outcome
weight gain of larvaee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“the Si treatment further reduced weight gain of larvae fed on Si accumulator plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1242–1326 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Non-glandular trichomes may serve as silicon reservoirs in maize and increase resistance to chewing herbivores.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Organ / stage
non-glandular trichomese0
Interactor
chewing herbivorese0herbivore
Outcome
plant resistance to chewing herbivorese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“non-glandular trichomes are important reservoirs of Si in maize and may increase plant resistance to chewing herbivores.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1370–1490 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that silicon offers transient resistance to armyworm in soybean.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Interactor
FAWe0herbivore
Outcome
transient resistance to FAWe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Si offers transient resistance to FAW in soybean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1508–1556 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that silicon offers more lasting resistance to armyworm in maize.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
more lasting resistancee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“a more lasting resistance in maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1562–1596 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend silicon supply for managing chewing herbivores in silicon-accumulating crops.

Taxon
plantsViridiplantaee0
Interactor
chewing herbivorese0herbivore
Outcome
Si supply is a promising strategy in management programs of chewing herbivorese0

Verbatim

e0

“Si supply is a promising strategy in management programs of chewing herbivores in Si-accumulator plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1598–1702 · show in text ↑

silicon atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ

15 papers: 14 positive, 1 negative or no effect

13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

11 papers more in this group

See all 15 papers →

silicon atom · pest · Viridiplantae (plants)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

silicon atom · quality: phytochemicals · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree

3 papers: 3 positive, 0 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

silicon atom · nutrient: content · Viridiplantae (plants)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

grazing · quality: phytochemicals · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
See all 2 papers →

grazing · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.