Abstract
The protective effects against drought stress of the endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis 10-4 were measured by studying the priming response in two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)—Ekada70 (E70) and Salavat Yulaev (SY)—lines, tolerant and susceptible to drought, respectively. B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70. Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70, but had no protective effect on cv. SY. B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions. In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions, but pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress. B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70 (but did not affect this parameter in cv. SY) and prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars. Notably, B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70. Moreover, B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation, which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth, indicating a possible involvement of endogenous SA in the implementation of B. subtilis-mediated effects in both cultivars. Overall, B. subtilis 10-4 inoculation was found to increase drought tolerance in seedlings of both cultivars, as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis improved germination and growth in E70 under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- E70e0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4
Bacillus subtilise0symbiont - Outcome
- germination and growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70.”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis improved germination and growth in SY under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SYe1
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination and growth parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 improved germination and growth parameters under normal conditions in both cultivars with the most pronounced effect observed in cv. E70.”
t0“Two Different Triticum aestivum L. Cultivars”
e1“Salavat Yulaev (SY)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis ameliorated drought damage to germination and growth in E70.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E70e0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination and growthe0
- Direction
- amelioratede0
- Qualifier
- Under drought conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought conditions, B. subtilis 10-4 significantly ameliorated the negative impact of stress on germination and growth of cv. E70”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis did not protect SY against drought.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SYe0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist1symbiont
- Outcome
- protective effecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had no protective effect on cv. SY.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
t1“Bacillus subtilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in E70 in normal and drought conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E70e0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 induced an increase in the levels of photosynthetic chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, and carotenoids (Car) in the leaves of cv. E70, both under normal and drought conditions.”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in SY under normal conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SYe0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Care0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under normal conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In cv. SY plants, bacterial inoculation decreased the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Car under normal conditions”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SY pigment content was almost recovered with inoculation under drought stress.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SYe1
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist1symbiont
- Outcome
- pigment contente0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Qualifier
- under drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pigment content were almost recovered under drought stress.”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
t1“Bacillus subtilis”
e1“Salavat Yulaev (SY)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis increased water holding capacity in E70.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- E70e0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- water holding capacity (WHC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 increased water holding capacity (WHC) of cv. E70”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis did not affect water holding capacity in SY.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum L.Triticum aestivumt0
- Material
- SYe0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist1symbiont
- Outcome
- water holding capacitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not affect this parameter in cv. SY”
t0“Triticum aestivum L.”
t1“Bacillus subtilis”
e1“water holding capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis prevented drought-induced decline in water holding capacity in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilist1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilist1symbiont
- Outcome
- WHCe0
- Direction
- prevented the stress-induced declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“prevented the stress-induced decline in WHC in both cultivars.”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
t1“Bacillus subtilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis raised salicylic acid in both cultivars, especially E70.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially in cv. E70e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 increased endogenous salicylic acid (SA) concentration in both cultivars, especially in cv. E70.”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis reduced drought-induced salicylic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- drought-induced endogenous SA accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. subtilis 10-4 reduced drought-induced endogenous SA accumulation”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophyte effect on salicylic acid accumulation correlated with growth effects.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- endophytee0symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was correlated with the influence of endophyte on growth”
t0“two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis priming lowered lipid peroxidation, proline content and electrolyte leakage under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- primed with B. subtilis 10-4e0
- Interactor
- B. subtilis 10-4Bacillus subtilise0symbiont
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under drought conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased lipid peroxidation, proline content, and electrolyte leakage from tissues of wheat seedlings primed with B. subtilis 10-4 under drought conditions.”
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