Abstract
There are 25 auxin response factors (ARFs) in the rice genome, which play critical roles in regulating myriad aspects of plant development, but their role (s) in host antiviral immune defense and the underneath mechanism remain largely unknown. By using the rice-rice dwarf virus (RDV) model system, here we report that auxin signaling enhances rice defense against RDV infection. In turn, RDV infection triggers increased auxin biosynthesis and accumulation in rice, and that treatment with exogenous auxin reduces OsIAA10 protein level, thereby unleashing a group of OsIAA10-interacting OsARFs to mediate downstream antiviral responses. Strikingly, our genetic data showed that loss-of-function mutants of osarf12 or osarf16 exhibit reduced resistance whereas osarf11 mutants display enhanced resistance to RDV. In turn, OsARF12 activates the down-stream OsWRKY13 expression through direct binding to its promoter, loss-of-function mutants of oswrky13 exhibit reduced resistance. These results demonstrated that OsARF 11, 12 and 16 differentially regulate rice antiviral defense. Together with our previous discovery that the viral P2 protein stabilizes OsIAA10 protein via thwarting its interaction with OsTIR1 to enhance viral infection and pathogenesis, our results reveal a novel auxin-IAA10-ARFs-mediated signaling mechanism employed by rice and RDV for defense and counter defense responses.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
RDV infection increased auxin biosynthesis and accumulation in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- RDV infectione1
- Interactor
- RDVe1pathogen
- Outcome
- auxin biosynthesis and accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e1“In turn, RDV infection triggers increased auxin biosynthesis and accumulation in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin signaling enhanced rice defense against RDV infection.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- auxin signalinge2
- Interactor
- RDVe2pathogen
- Outcome
- defense against RDV infectione2
- Direction
- enhancese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e2“here we report that auxin signaling enhances rice defense against RDV infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment with exogenous auxin reduced OsIAA10 protein level in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- treatment with exogenous auxine3
- Gene
- OsIAA10e3
- Outcome
- OsIAA10 protein levele3
- Direction
- reducese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e3“treatment with exogenous auxin reduces OsIAA10 protein level”
Claim · model-written summary
OsIAA10-interacting OsARFs mediate downstream antiviral responses in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsARFse4
- Outcome
- downstream antiviral responsese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e4“thereby unleashing a group of OsIAA10-interacting OsARFs to mediate downstream antiviral responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function mutants of osarf12 or osarf16 showed reduced resistance to rice dwarf virus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- loss-of-function mutantse5
- Interactor
- rice dwarf virusRice dwarf virust0pathogen
- Gene
- osarf12 or osarf16e5
- Outcome
- resistancee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e5“Strikingly, our genetic data showed that loss-of-function mutants of osarf12 or osarf16 exhibit reduced resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Osarf11 mutants showed enhanced resistance to rice dwarf virus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- mutantse6
- Interactor
- rice dwarf virusRice dwarf virust0pathogen
- Gene
- osarf11e6
- Outcome
- resistancee6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e6“whereas osarf11 mutants display enhanced resistance to RDV”
Claim · model-written summary
OsARF12 activates OsWRKY13 expression through direct binding to its promoter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsARF12e7
- Outcome
- OsWRKY13 expressione7
- Qualifier
- through direct binding to its promotere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e7“In turn, OsARF12 activates the down-stream OsWRKY13 expression through direct binding to its promoter”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function mutants of oswrky13 showed reduced resistance to rice dwarf virus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- loss-of-function mutantse7
- Interactor
- rice dwarf virusRice dwarf virust0pathogen
- Gene
- oswrky13e7
- Outcome
- resistancee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e7“loss-of-function mutants of oswrky13 exhibit reduced resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
The viral P2 protein stabilizes OsIAA10 protein to enhance viral infection and pathogenesis in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- rice dwarf virusRice dwarf virust0pathogen
- Gene
- viral P2 proteine7
- Outcome
- OsIAA10 proteine7
- Qualifier
- to enhance viral infection and pathogenesise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Auxin response factors (ARFs) differentially regulate rice antiviral immune response against rice dwarf virus”
e7“the viral P2 protein stabilizes OsIAA10 protein via thwarting its interaction with OsTIR1 to enhance viral infection and pathogenesis”
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