Main results and prospects of spring barley selection in environment of high soil acidity

Abstract

Purpose. One of the main factors holding back the increase in spring barley yield is high soil acidity in the Forest-Steppe and Polissya natural zone of Ukraine. Aluminum is a major toxic factor of acidic soils. Therefore, one of the ways to increase the yield of barley is to create aluminum-resistant varieties of this crop. These studies are aimed at obtaining, highlighting the results of work and determining the prospects of selection for the creation of varieties of spring barley, tolerant to the effects of edaphic stress of high soil acidity. Methods. Field (phenological observations and accounting), laboratory (establishment of aluminostability of collection varieties), biometric and measuring-weight (for accounting of productivity and yield), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the obtained experimental data). Results. Research on the evaluation and creation of promising breeding material and varieties adapted to high soil acidity was conducted in the experimental fields of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillya of NAAS (2013-2019). According to the results of the research conducted in the laboratory, the potential 73 aluminium resistant varieties of spring barley were established, and the results of verification of the obtained data in the field against the background of natural high soil acidity were shown. The obtained research results made it possible to select samples that are potential donors of tolerance to the toxic effects of Al3+ ions and high soil acidity. Promising breeding material of spring barley, tolerant to the effects of edaphic stress of high soil acidity, which is effectively used in the creation of new varieties of spring barley has been cteated. Conclusions. Evaluation of productivity of the studied samples, which were isolated by laboratory evaluation of potential aluminium resistance, in the field on a natural background with high soil acidity (pH 4.3-4.8) confirmed the effectiveness of this method in the selection process, aimed at creation varieties tolerant to cultivation in conditions of highly acid soils.

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