Abstract
Abstract Background: Although cover crops provide many agronomic and environmental benefits, they may also increase nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions after termination. The N 2 O emissions from decomposing biomass of cover crops largely depends on the type of cover and maturity level at termination. Aim: The objective of this study was to quantify N 2 O emissions following soil incorporation of a non‐legume (oat; Avena sativa L.) and a legume (grass pea; Lathyrus sphaericus Retz.) cover crop residues at two different maturity levels. Methods: Oat and grass pea were terminated at vegetative (early‐termination) and reproductive (late‐termination) stages, and stored fresh before soil incorporation (2.5 Mg dry matter ha −1 ) together in late‐May. A treatment with no cover crop was included as the control. The experiment was laid out as completely randomized block design with three replicated plots (2 m × 2 m) in each treatment combination. Finger millet [ Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn] seedlings were transplanted as a summer crop. The N 2 O fluxes were measured with a closed chamber with a portable gas analyzer on 25 dates over an experimental period of 98 days. Results: In general, fluxes of N 2 O increased after rainfall or irrigation events and approximated zero during dry periods. Cumulative N 2 O emissions during the 98 days study period were higher ( p < 0.01) from all cover crops treatments than the control. Effects of maturity level at termination on cumulative N 2 O emissions were significant ( p < 0.05) as 30–35% higher emissions were recorded from both cover crops terminated at the reproductive stage than the vegetative stage. Yields of finger millet biomass from oat incorporated plots were 15–19% greater ( p < 0.05) than grass pea incorporated plots, while the yields from control plots were not significantly different from plots receiving cover crop residues. Conclusions: Stage of maturity at termination alone was not a strong predictor of total cumulative N 2 O emissions from decomposing cover crop residues, as maturity level interacted with environment variables ( e.g ., timing of rainfall events).
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrous oxide flux rose after rainfall or irrigation and approached zero in dry periods.
- Taxon
- finger millet
Eleusine coracanae1 - Outcome
- fluxes of N 2 Oe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluxes of N 2 O increased after rainfall or irrigation events and approximated zero during dry periods”
t0“grass pea and oat cover crop”
e1“Yields of finger millet biomass from oat incorporated plots were 15–19% greater ( p < 0.05) than grass pea incorporated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
All cover crop treatments had higher cumulative N2O emissions than control.
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative N 2 O emissions during the 98 days study period were higher ( p < 0.01) from all cover crops treatments than the control”
t0“grass pea and oat cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Reproductive-stage termination produced 30–35% higher emissions than vegetative-stage termination.
Verbatim
e0“30–35% higher emissions were recorded from both cover crops terminated at the reproductive stage than the vegetative stage”
t0“grass pea and oat cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Millet biomass yield after oat incorporation was 15–19% greater than after grass pea.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- oat incorporated plotse0
- Outcome
- Yields of finger millet biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 15–19%e0
- Comparator
- grass pea incorporated plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of finger millet biomass from oat incorporated plots were 15–19% greater ( p < 0.05) than grass pea incorporated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Millet biomass yield in control plots did not significantly differ from residue plots.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae1
- Treatment
- plots receiving cover crop residuese0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yields from control plots were not significantly different from plots receiving cover crop residues”
t0“grass pea and oat cover crop”
e1“Yields of finger millet biomass from oat incorporated plots were 15–19% greater ( p < 0.05) than grass pea incorporated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Maturity alone was not a strong predictor of cumulative N2O emissions because of environmental interactions.
- Taxon
- grass pea and oat cover cropt0
- Treatment
- Stage of maturity at terminatione0
- Outcome
- total cumulative N 2 O emissionse0
- Qualifier
- maturity level interacted with environment variablese0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Stage of maturity at termination alone was not a strong predictor of total cumulative N 2 O emissions from decomposing cover crop residues, as maturity level interacted with environment variables ( e.g ., timing of rainfall events)”
t0“grass pea and oat cover crop”
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