Abstract
Crop residue burning is a major issue in farmers’ fields of Indo-Gangetic Plain and Central India. It emits air pollutants and GHGs into the atmosphere, adversely affects soil, crop yields, human health and the environment. Weed infestation is also a major problem and affects overall crop yield. Therefore, a 2-year farm experiment was conducted at farmers’ fields with three treatments – current farmers’ practice (FP), conservation agriculture with improved weed management (CAW) and conservation agriculture without any weed management (CA) – from kharif (monsoon) 2017 to summer 2019 to manage crop residue and weeds. A happy seeder and tractor-operated boom sprayer were also introduced in CA and CAW. Total 51 t of crop residue was generated from 2 ha of rice-wheat-greengram cultivation area. In FP this crop residue was burned, but it was utilized as mulch in CA and CAW, thus, emission of 34,400 kg CO2e was avoided and energy potential of 100.1 × 104 MJ was created. The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The rice-wheat-greengram area generated 51 t of crop residue.
Verbatim
t0“Crop residue management”
e0“Total 51 t of crop residue was generated from 2 ha of rice-wheat-greengram cultivation area.”
Claim · model-written summary
Using crop residue as mulch in CA and CAW avoided 34,400 kg CO2e emissions relative to burning in FP.
Verbatim
t0“Crop residue management”
e0“In FP this crop residue was burned, but it was utilized as mulch in CA and CAW, thus, emission of 34,400 kg CO2e was avoided and energy potential of 100.1 × 104 MJ was created.”
Claim · model-written summary
Residue mulching created an energy potential of 100.1 × 104 MJ.
Verbatim
t0“Crop residue management”
e0“In FP this crop residue was burned, but it was utilized as mulch in CA and CAW, thus, emission of 34,400 kg CO2e was avoided and energy potential of 100.1 × 104 MJ was created.”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased rice yield by 21 in the first year.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 21e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased rice yield by 20.6 in the second year.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20.6e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased wheat yield by 22.5 in the first year.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 22.5e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased wheat yield by 20 in the second year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased greengram yield by 44.4% in the first year.
- Taxon
- greengram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae0 - Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 44.4%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
CAW increased greengram yield by 30% in the second year.
- Taxon
- greengramVigna radiata var. radiatae0
- Treatment
- CAWe0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CAW produced percent higher crop yield of 21, 22.5 and 44.4%in first year and 20.6, 20 and 30% in second year of crop cycle respectively in rice (4.6 & 4.1 t ha−1), wheat (4.9 & 4.1 t ha−1) and greengram (1.3 & 1.3 t ha−1).”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
66 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
77 papers more in this group
See all 81 papers →herbicide · yield · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
102 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
105 papers more in this group
See all 109 papers →herbicide · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
465 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
559 papers more in this group
See all 563 papers →tillage · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
586 papers in the same direction as this paper · 115 in the opposite direction · 27 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
725 papers more in this group
See all 729 papers →herbicide · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
724 papers in the same direction as this paper · 57 in the opposite direction · 20 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
798 papers more in this group
See all 802 papers →tillage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1,115 papers in the same direction as this paper · 257 in the opposite direction · 41 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
1,410 papers more in this group
See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.