Abstract
Abstract Background Serotonin, originally identified as a neurotransmitter in mammals, functions as an antioxidant to scavenge cellular ROS in plants. In rice, the conversion of tryptamine to serotonin is catalyzed by SL (sekiguchi lesion), a member of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. The sl mutant, originated from rice cultivar Sekiguchi-asahi, exhibits spontaneous lesions, whereas its immune responses to pathogens have not been clearly characterized. Results Here we identified three allelic mutants of SL in an indica rice restore line Minghui 86 (MH86), named as sl-MH-1 , − 2 and − 3 , all of which present the typical lesions under normal growth condition. Compared with those in MH86, the serotonin content in sl-MH-1 is dramatically decreased, whereas the levels of tryptamine and L-trytophan are significantly increased. The sl-MH-1 mutant accumulates high H 2 O 2 level at its lesion sites and is more sensitive to exogenous H 2 O 2 treatment than the wild type. When treated with the reductant vitamin C (Vc), the lesion formation on sl-MH-1 leaves could be efficiently suppressed. In addition, sl-MH-1 displayed more resistant to both the blast fungus and blight bacteria, Pyricularia oryzae ( P. oryzae , teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae ) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae ( Xoo ), respectively. The pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-triggered immunity (PTI) responses, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and callose deposition, were enhanced in sl-MH-1 . Moreover, loss function of SL resulted in higher resting levels of the defense hormones, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The RNA-seq analysis indicated that after P. oryzae infection, transcription of the genes involved in reduction-oxidation regulation was the most markedly changed in sl-MH-1 , compared with MH86. Conclusions Our results indicate that SL, involving in the final step of serotonin biosynthesis, negatively regulates rice resistance against (hemi)biotrophic pathogens via compromising the PTI responses and defense hormones accumulation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Three SL allelic mutants had lesions under normal growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Gene
- SLe0
- Outcome
- typical lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three allelic mutants of SL in an indica rice restore line Minghui 86 (MH86), named as sl-MH-1 , − 2 and − 3 , all of which present the typical lesions under normal growth condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Serotonin content decreased in sl-MH-1 versus MH86.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Outcome
- serotonin contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- MH86e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with those in MH86, the serotonin content in sl-MH-1 is dramatically decreased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Tryptamine increased in sl-MH-1 versus MH86.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Outcome
- levels of tryptaminee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- MH86e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with those in MH86, the serotonin content in sl-MH-1 is dramatically decreased, whereas the levels of tryptamine and L-trytophan are significantly increased”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
L-trytophan increased in sl-MH-1 versus MH86.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1t1
- Outcome
- L-trytophane0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the levels of tryptamine and L-trytophan are significantly increased”
t0“rice”
t1“serotonin content in sl-MH-1”
Claim · model-written summary
H 2 O 2 accumulated at sl-MH-1 lesion sites.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Organ / stage
- lesion sitese0
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sl-MH-1 mutant accumulates high H 2 O 2 level at its lesion sites”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
sl-MH-1 was more sensitive to exogenous H 2 O 2 than wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenous H 2 O 2 treatmente0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“is more sensitive to exogenous H 2 O 2 treatment than the wild type”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Vitamin C suppressed sl-MH-1 leaf lesions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- vitamin C (Vc)e0
- Outcome
- lesion formatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When treated with the reductant vitamin C (Vc), the lesion formation on sl-MH-1 leaves could be efficiently suppressed”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
sl-MH-1 was more resistant to Pyricularia oryzae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Interactor
- Pyricularia oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistant to both the blast funguse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sl-MH-1 displayed more resistant to both the blast fungus and blight bacteria, Pyricularia oryzae ( P. oryzae , teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae ) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae ( Xoo )”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
sl-MH-1 was more resistant to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen - Outcome
- resistant to both the blast fungus and blight bacteriae0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sl-MH-1 displayed more resistant to both the blast fungus and blight bacteria, Pyricularia oryzae ( P. oryzae , teleomorph: Magnaporthe oryzae ) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae ( Xoo )”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS burst and callose deposition were enhanced in sl-MH-1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and callose depositione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and callose deposition, were enhanced in sl-MH-1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of SL raised resting salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SLe0
- Outcome
- resting levels of the defense hormones, salicylic acid and jasmonic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss function of SL resulted in higher resting levels of the defense hormones, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
After P. oryzae infection, redox regulation genes changed most markedly in sl-MH-1 versus MH86.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- sl-MH-1e0
- Interactor
- P. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- transcription of the genes involved in reduction-oxidation regulatione0
- Comparator
- MH86e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after P. oryzae infection, transcription of the genes involved in reduction-oxidation regulation was the most markedly changed in sl-MH-1 , compared with MH86”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
vitamin C · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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