Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the potential of inducing salinity stress on cylindrical paper pot tomato seedlings to inhibit overgrowth. Potassium fertilizers, sulfate of potash (K 2 SO 4 ), muriate of potash (KCl), and monopotassium phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 ), were prepared as two solutions of (5 and 10) dSm -1 salinity level, respectively, to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth. We also investigated the adaptability and survivability of treated tomato seedlings with high-salinity potassium (10 dSm -1 KCl) to harsh environmental conditions (water deficit, low temperature, and storage conditions). Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4 markedly decreased the dry matter of shoot and root, leaf area, and net assimilate rates (NAR) but increased the stem diameter of seedlings. Among the three sources, the relative growth rate of plant height (RGR H ) was most sensitive to KCl addition; increasing salinity levels of KCl solution decreased the RGR H of seedlings. The compactness, which directly reflects the stocky growth index, increased in KCl or KH 2 PO 4 treatments. After a week's water deficit, severely wilted seedlings were observed in control seedlings (untreated with KCl), but no wilted seedlings were observed in the KCl treated seedlings, and the relative water content (RWC) of the untreated seedlings significantly decreased by 23 %, while that of the pretreated seedlings only decreased by 8 %. The increase in ion leakage of KCl treated seedlings at low temperatures was less than that of untreated seedlings. Furthermore, there was far lower damage proportion on pretreated seedlings at (9, 12, and 15)C storage temperatures after 20 days, compared with on unpretreated seedlings. Our results suggest that high-salinity potassium fertilizer, especially KCl, is effective in preventing tomato seedling overgrowth, while it also improves tolerance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated addition of high-salinity KCl, K2SO4 or KH2PO4 decreased shoot and root dry matter of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4e1
- Outcome
- dry matter of shoot and roote1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e1“Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4 markedly decreased the dry matter of shoot and root, leaf area, and net assimilate rates (NAR) but increased the stem diameter of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated addition of high-salinity KCl, K2SO4 or KH2PO4 decreased leaf area and net assimilate rate of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4e1
- Outcome
- leaf area, and net assimilate ratese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e1“Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4 markedly decreased the dry matter of shoot and root, leaf area, and net assimilate rates (NAR) but increased the stem diameter of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated addition of high-salinity KCl, K2SO4 or KH2PO4 increased stem diameter of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4e1
- Outcome
- stem diametere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e1“Repeated addition of high-salinity level KCl, K 2 SO 4 , or KH 2 PO 4 markedly decreased the dry matter of shoot and root, leaf area, and net assimilate rates (NAR) but increased the stem diameter of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity of KCl solution decreased relative growth rate of plant height in tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levels of KCl solutione2
- Outcome
- RGR He2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e2“increasing salinity levels of KCl solution decreased the RGR H of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the three potassium sources, relative growth rate of plant height was most sensitive to KCl addition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- KCl additione3
- Outcome
- relative growth rate of plant height (RGR H )e3
- Direction
- most sensitivee3
- Comparator
- the three sourcese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e3“Among the three sources, the relative growth rate of plant height (RGR H ) was most sensitive to KCl addition”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl or KH2PO4 treatments increased the compactness of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- KCl or KH 2 PO 4 treatmentse4
- Outcome
- compactnesse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e4“The compactness, which directly reflects the stocky growth index, increased in KCl or KH 2 PO 4 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficit, KCl-treated tomato seedlings showed no wilting, whereas untreated control seedlings wilted severely.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- KCl treatede5
- Outcome
- wilted seedlingse5
- Qualifier
- After a week's water deficite5
- Comparator
- control seedlings (untreated with KCl)e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e5“After a week's water deficit, severely wilted seedlings were observed in control seedlings (untreated with KCl), but no wilted seedlings were observed in the KCl treated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative water content of untreated tomato seedlings significantly decreased by 23% under water deficit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- water deficite5
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e6
- Direction
- significantly decreasede6
- Value
- 23 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e5“After a week's water deficit, severely wilted seedlings were observed in control seedlings (untreated with KCl), but no wilted seedlings were observed in the KCl treated seedlings”
e6“the relative water content (RWC) of the untreated seedlings significantly decreased by 23 %, while that of the pretreated seedlings only decreased by 8 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative water content of KCl-pretreated tomato seedlings decreased by only 8% under water deficit, compared with untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreated seedlingse6
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Value
- 8 %e6
- Qualifier
- After a week's water deficite5
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e5“After a week's water deficit, severely wilted seedlings were observed in control seedlings (untreated with KCl), but no wilted seedlings were observed in the KCl treated seedlings”
e6“the relative water content (RWC) of the untreated seedlings significantly decreased by 23 %, while that of the pretreated seedlings only decreased by 8 %”
Claim · model-written summary
KCl-treated tomato seedlings showed a smaller increase in ion leakage at low temperatures than untreated seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- KCl treated seedlingse7
- Outcome
- increase in ion leakagee7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Qualifier
- at low temperaturese7
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e7“The increase in ion leakage of KCl treated seedlings at low temperatures was less than that of untreated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreated tomato seedlings had far lower storage damage than unpretreated seedlings at 9, 12 and 15 C after 20 days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- pretreated seedlingse1
- Outcome
- damage proportione1
- Direction
- far lowere1
- Qualifier
- at (9, 12, and 15)C storage temperatures after 20 dayse1
- Comparator
- unpretreated seedlingse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“to investigate the influence on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth”
e1“there was far lower damage proportion on pretreated seedlings at (9, 12, and 15)C storage temperatures after 20 days, compared with on unpretreated seedlings”
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