Abstract
Declining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize. The treatment combinations comprised of supplementation of inorganic fertilizer (25% nitrogen) through bulky (Farmyard manure and vermicompost) and concentrated (Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) and neem cake (NC)) organic manures and different mode of weed management practices like chemical (atrazine 1000 g ha−1) and integrated approach (atrazine 1000 g ha−1 followed by mechanical weeding). Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. But organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize. By restricting the weed growth and nutrient removal by most dominating weeds, application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop. Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study. Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis, whereas integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine. As a result, atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrated organic manure reduced Anagalis arvensis density and biomass.
- Treatment
- concentrated organic manurese0
- Interactor
- Anagalis arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed speciese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures did not significantly restrict Vicia hirsuta growth in maize.
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Interactor
- Vicia hirsuta
_Vicia_hirsuta_-_Plant_habit.jpg?width=60)
Vicia hirsutae0weed - Outcome
- growth of bold seeded weedse0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Vicia_hirsuta_-_Plant_habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic manures did not significantly restrict Cyperus rotundus growth in maize.
- Treatment
- organic manurese0
- Interactor
- Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus rotunduse0weed - Outcome
- weed propagated through tuberse0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassicaceous seed meal enhanced maize growth and yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Brassicaceous seed meal increased second-year maize grain yield by 19% versus sole chemical fertilizer.
- Treatment
- organic manures (BSM)e0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- second year of studye0
- Comparator
- sole chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence atrazine significantly reduced Anagalis arvensis density.
- Treatment
- atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicidee0
- Interactor
- A. arvensise0weed
- Outcome
- density of A. arvensise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mechanical weeding after atrazine controlled weeds that atrazine alone did not usually control.
- Treatment
- mechanical weeding following herbicidee0
- Outcome
- those weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Comparator
- application of atrazinee0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence atrazine followed by mechanical weeding yielded 6.81 t/ha maize grain in year one.
- Treatment
- atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weedinge0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.81 and 7.10 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence atrazine followed by mechanical weeding yielded 7.10 t/ha maize grain in year two.
- Treatment
- atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weedinge0
- Outcome
- maize grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.81 and 7.10 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- second year of studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
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