Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Immature stages of boll weevil complete development endophytically leaving only the adult stage accessible for chemical control. We tested the hypothesis that boll weevil colonization of the cotton plants significantly affects their exposure to sprayed insecticides. We determined the adult dispersal toward and within cotton plants, lethal time (LT), and residual control by recommended insecticides (malathion, carbosulfan, thiamethoxam, fipronil, beta‐cyfluthrin, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam + lambda‐cyhalothrin) through dried residue exposure and residual control regarding the leaf position in the upper and the lower thirds of the treated plant canopy. RESULTS Newly emerged adults from fallen buds reached the cotton plants by walking (80%) and most of the time settling on cotton bolls in the lower part of the plants (78%). Irrespective of sex and mating status, adults released on the upper part of the plant remained longer on the same release site than the lower part, with some individuals remaining up to 50 h on the same flower bud. The shortest LT 90 was found with thiamethoxam (106 h). Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that weevils accessing the cotton plants exhibited within‐plant distribution that minimizes their contact with insecticide residue on plant foliage. Furthermore, short residual control with malathion, the most used insecticide against boll weevil, and the low susceptibility exhibited by the tested population to pyrethroids highlight the current challenges faced for boll weevil control in Brazilian cotton fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Newly emerged boll weevil adults reached cotton plants by walking (80%).
- Taxon
- cotton plants
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Interactor
- boll weevil
Anthonomus grandist0pest - Outcome
- reached the cotton plants by walkinge1
- Value
- 80%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Newly emerged adults from fallen buds reached the cotton plants by walking (80%)”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Boll weevil adults settled most of the time on cotton bolls in the lower part of the plants (78%).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- cotton bollse2
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- settling on cotton bolls in the lower part of the plantse2
- Value
- 78%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“most of the time settling on cotton bolls in the lower part of the plants (78%)”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Boll weevil adults released on the upper part of the plant remained longer on the same release site than those released on the lower part.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- released on the upper part of the plante3
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- remained longer on the same release sitee3
- Direction
- remained longere3
- Qualifier
- Irrespective of sex and mating statuse3
- Comparator
- the lower parte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Irrespective of sex and mating status, adults released on the upper part of the plant remained longer on the same release site than the lower part”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Some boll weevil individuals remained up to 50 h on the same flower bud.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- remaining up to 50 h on the same flower bude4
- Value
- 50 he4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“with some individuals remaining up to 50 h on the same flower bud”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam gave the shortest LT90 against boll weevil (106 h).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame5
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- LT 90e5
- Direction
- shorteste5
- Value
- 106 he5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The shortest LT 90 was found with thiamethoxam (106 h)”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil provided the longest residual control time against boll weevil (>144 h).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Fipronile6
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- residual control timese6
- Direction
- longeste6
- Value
- >144 he6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion gave the shortest residual control time against boll weevil (24 h).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- malathione6
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- residual control timese6
- Direction
- shorteste6
- Value
- 24 he6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Fipronil caused boll weevil mortality above 80%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Fipronile6
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- boll weevil mortalitye6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- above 80%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion caused boll weevil mortality above 80%.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- malathione6
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- boll weevil mortalitye6
- Direction
- higherinferrede6
- Value
- above 80%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Weevils accessing cotton plants distribute within the plant in a way that minimizes their contact with insecticide residue on foliage.
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume7
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Outcome
- contact with insecticide residuee7
- Qualifier
- within‐plant distributione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These findings suggest that weevils accessing the cotton plants exhibited within‐plant distribution that minimizes their contact with insecticide residue on plant foliage”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested boll weevil population shows low susceptibility to pyrethroids.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- tested populatione7
- Interactor
- boll weevilAnthonomus grandist0pest
- Compound
- pyrethroidse7
- Outcome
- low susceptibilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the low susceptibility exhibited by the tested population to pyrethroids”
t0“Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant”
The same questions in other papers
malathion · Anthonomus grandis · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.