Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global concern for human health and causes a decrease in crop production and nutritional characteristics. A two-year field study was planned to evaluate comparative effects of various Zn application approaches in bread wheat under plough tillage (PT) and zero tillage (ZT) system. Cultivation of wheat under ZT improved the soil organic carbon (17%), total soil porosity (11%), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (5%), and carbon (5%) in comparison to PT system averaged across the two years. Various efficiency indices were significantly influenced by Zn application methods during both years of experimentation. However, grain Zn contents were maximum with foliar-applied Zn in PT (31%) and soil-applied Zn under the ZT system (29.85%). Moreover, Zn use also enhanced the bioavailable Zn as lower phytate contents and phytate to Zn molar ratio were recorded. The highest bioavailable Zn was calculated for foliar (30%) and soil application (28%). Under both tillage systems, the maximum net benefits were obtained through Zn seed priming; nevertheless, ZT resulted in higher net benefits than PT due to low associated costs. In conclusion, Zn nutrition through different methods enhanced the productivity, profitability, and grain biofortification of wheat under PT and ZT systems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved soil organic carbon by 17% compared with plough tillage in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- ZTe1
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- PTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultivation of wheat under ZT improved the soil organic carbon (17%), total soil porosity (11%), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (5%), and carbon (5%)”
e2“in comparison to PT system averaged across the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved total soil porosity by 11% compared with plough tillage in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ZTe1
- Outcome
- total soil porositye1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 11%e1
- Comparator
- PTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultivation of wheat under ZT improved the soil organic carbon (17%), total soil porosity (11%), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (5%), and carbon (5%)”
e2“in comparison to PT system averaged across the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved soil microbial biomass nitrogen by 5% compared with plough tillage in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ZTe1
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass nitrogene1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 5%e1
- Comparator
- PTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultivation of wheat under ZT improved the soil organic carbon (17%), total soil porosity (11%), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (5%), and carbon (5%)”
e2“in comparison to PT system averaged across the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage improved soil microbial biomass carbon by 5% compared with plough tillage in wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cultivation of wheat under ZT improved the soil organic carbon (17%), total soil porosity (11%), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (5%), and carbon (5%)”
e2“in comparison to PT system averaged across the two years”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied zinc under plough tillage gave the maximum grain zinc content of wheat (31%).
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar-applied Zne3
- Outcome
- grain Zn contentse3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 31%e3
- Setting
- PTe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e3“grain Zn contents were maximum with foliar-applied Zn in PT (31%) and soil-applied Zn under the ZT system (29.85%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied zinc under zero tillage gave grain zinc content of 29.85%.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil-applied Zne3
- Outcome
- grain Zn contentse3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 29.85%e3
- Setting
- ZT systeme3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e3“grain Zn contents were maximum with foliar-applied Zn in PT (31%) and soil-applied Zn under the ZT system (29.85%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc use lowered phytate contents and the phytate to zinc molar ratio in wheat grain.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn usee4
- Outcome
- phytate contents and phytate to Zn molar ratioe4
- Direction
- lowere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e4“Zn use also enhanced the bioavailable Zn as lower phytate contents and phytate to Zn molar ratio were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc application gave the highest bioavailable zinc (30%) in wheat.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliare5
- Outcome
- bioavailable Zne5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 30%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e5“The highest bioavailable Zn was calculated for foliar (30%) and soil application (28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil application of zinc gave the highest bioavailable zinc (28%) in wheat.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil applicatione5
- Outcome
- bioavailable Zne5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 28%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e5“The highest bioavailable Zn was calculated for foliar (30%) and soil application (28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed priming gave the maximum net benefits under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn seed priminge6
- Outcome
- net benefitse6
- Direction
- maximume6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e6“Under both tillage systems, the maximum net benefits were obtained through Zn seed priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage gave higher net benefits than plough tillage due to low associated costs.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ZTe7
- Outcome
- net benefitse7
- Direction
- highere7
- Qualifier
- due to low associated costse7
- Comparator
- PTe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e7“ZT resulted in higher net benefits than PT due to low associated costs”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application methods significantly influenced the efficiency indices of wheat.
- Taxon
- Bread WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn application methodse1
- Outcome
- efficiency indicese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e1“Various efficiency indices were significantly influenced by Zn application methods during both years of experimentation”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc nutrition enhanced productivity, profitability and grain biofortification of wheat under both tillage systems.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Zn nutritione1
- Outcome
- productivity, profitability, and grain biofortificatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Zinc-Induced Effects on Productivity, Zinc Use Efficiency, and Grain Biofortification of Bread Wheat under Different Tillage Permutations”
e1“Zn nutrition through different methods enhanced the productivity, profitability, and grain biofortification of wheat under PT and ZT systems”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.