Abstract
The long-term impact of human exploitation and environmental changes has led to a decline in grassland productivity and soil fertility, which eventually results in grassland degradation. The application of organic fertilizer is an effective improvement measure; however, it is still not fully understood how the addition of organic fertilizer influences grassland soil fertility and plant composition. A set of experiments were conducted in Inner Mongolia in China to reveal the tradeoff between steppe plants and soil microorganisms and the eco-physiological mechanisms involved, and how the addition of vermicompost and mushroom residues affect microbial diversity, enzyme activities, and the chemical properties of soil in degraded Leymus chinensis grassland. Organic fertilizer improved the soil nutrient status and shaped distinct bacterial communities. Compared with the control the available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) contents were highest under treatments a3 and b3, and the aboveground biomass was highest under the b3 treatment. Soil sucrase activities increased by 7.88% under the b3 treatment. Moreover, the richness index significantly increased by 7.07% and 7.23% under the a1 and b2 treatments, respectively. The most abundant Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were detected in the organic fertilizer treatment. A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated that the bacterial community was significantly increased under the b3 treatment. A canonical correspondence analysis (RDA) and spearman correlation heatmap confirmed that total P (TP) and urease were the key driving factors for shaping bacterial communities in the soil. Our results indicated that the application of large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residues increased the availability of nutrients and also enhanced the biodiversity of soil bacterial communities in L. chinensis grasslands, which will contribute to the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer improved soil nutrient status.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- soil nutrient statuse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e1“Organic fertilizer improved the soil nutrient status and shaped distinct bacterial communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus and available potassium contents were highest under treatments a3 and b3 compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e2“Compared with the control the available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) contents were highest under treatments a3 and b3, and the aboveground biomass was highest under the b3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground biomass was highest under the b3 treatment compared with the control.
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e2“Compared with the control the available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) contents were highest under treatments a3 and b3, and the aboveground biomass was highest under the b3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil sucrase activities increased by 7.88% under the b3 treatment.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- b3 treatmente3
- Outcome
- Soil sucrase activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 7.88%e3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e3“Soil sucrase activities increased by 7.88% under the b3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Richness index significantly increased by 7.07% under the a1 treatment.
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e4“Moreover, the richness index significantly increased by 7.07% and 7.23% under the a1 and b2 treatments, respectively”
e5“Compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Richness index significantly increased by 7.23% under the b2 treatment.
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e4“Moreover, the richness index significantly increased by 7.07% and 7.23% under the a1 and b2 treatments, respectively”
e5“Compared with the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The most abundant Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were detected in the organic fertilizer treatment.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer treatmente5
- Outcome
- most abundant Actinobacteria and Proteobacteriae5
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e5“The most abundant Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were detected in the organic fertilizer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial community was significantly increased under the b3 treatment.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- b3 treatmente6
- Outcome
- bacterial communitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e6“A linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) indicated that the bacterial community was significantly increased under the b3 treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Total P and urease were the key driving factors shaping soil bacterial communities.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Gene
- ureasee7
- Compound
- total P (TP)e7
- Outcome
- bacterial communitiese7
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e7“confirmed that total P (TP) and urease were the key driving factors for shaping bacterial communities in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizer shaped distinct bacterial communities.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- Organic fertilizere1
- Outcome
- distinct bacterial communitiese1
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e1“Organic fertilizer improved the soil nutrient status and shaped distinct bacterial communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residues increased the availability of nutrients.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- application of large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residuese5
- Outcome
- availability of nutrientse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e5“the application of large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residues increased the availability of nutrients and also enhanced the biodiversity of soil bacterial communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residues enhanced the biodiversity of soil bacterial communities.
- Taxon
- Leymus chinensisLeymus chinensise0
- Treatment
- application of large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residuese5
- Outcome
- biodiversity of soil bacterial communitiese5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“degraded Leymus chinensis grassland”
e5“the application of large amounts of vermicompost and mushroom residues increased the availability of nutrients and also enhanced the biodiversity of soil bacterial communities”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Leymus chinensisPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →fertilization · soil: biology · Leymus chinensisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.