Abstract
Phytophthora ramorum is an oomycete pathogen and causal agent of a disease commonly referred to as sudden oak death (SOD). The pathogen also causes foliar blight and shoot dieback of nursery plants, including Rhododendron and Viburnum. It is responsible for the widespread mortality of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) in coastal California and southwestern Oregon, as well as Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) in the U.K. Thirty-three plant host species commonly found in eastern (8) and western (25) Canadian landscapes and forest sites were selected for this study. Detached leaves/needles were inoculated with P. ramorum EU2 lineage mycelia which was isolated from a stream bait near an infected larch plantation in Scotland, U.K. There was a large variation in aggressiveness and sporulation potential among the evaluated hosts. Among the non-conifer species, the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica (western species); red oak (Quercus rubra), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and white ash (Fraxinus americana) (eastern species). For conifer hosts, we found that the EU2 isolate was most aggressive on both balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in the east and grand fir (Abies grandis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western larch (Larix occidentalis) in the west. As for sporulation potential, red alder (Alnus rubra) and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) in the west produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in the east was a potential spore producer but not significantly different from California bay laurel. Among the conifer species, western hemlock needles in the west were asymptomatic but produced a small amount of sporangia. The conifer host that produced the most sporangia/mm2 lesion area was white spruce (Picea glauca) in the east and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in the west, which produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel in trial 1 but not in trial 2. Lesion area was biggest on grand fir (Abies grandis), balsam fir, and western larch. These results confirm the potential threat of EU2 lineage of P. ramorum to Canadian flora.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Aggressiveness and sporulation potential varied greatly among tested hosts.
- Outcome
- aggressiveness and sporulation potentiale0
Not reportedTaxonInteractorInteractor role
Verbatim
e0“There was a large variation in aggressiveness and sporulation potential among the evaluated hosts.”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate produced its largest non-conifer lesions on Pacific dogwood.
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate produced its largest non-conifer lesions on Camellia japonica.
- Taxon
- Camellia japonica
Camellia japonicae0 - Interactor
- EU2 isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate produced its largest non-conifer lesions on red oak.
- Taxon
- red oak
_(14092717698).jpg?width=60)
Quercus rubrae0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorum
Phytophthora ramorumt0pathogen - Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(14092717698).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica (western species); red oak (Quercus rubra)”
t0“Susceptibility of Canadian flora to EU2 lineage of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate produced its largest non-conifer lesions on yellow birch.
- Taxon
- yellow birch
_(28089223020).jpg?width=60)
Betula alleghaniensise0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(28089223020).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica (western species); red oak (Quercus rubra), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)”
t0“Susceptibility of Canadian flora to EU2 lineage of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate produced its largest non-conifer lesions on white ash.
- Taxon
- white ash
Fraxinus americanae0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- largeste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica (western species); red oak (Quercus rubra), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and white ash (Fraxinus americana)”
t0“Susceptibility of Canadian flora to EU2 lineage of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate was most aggressive on balsam fir among eastern conifers.
- Taxon
- balsam fir
_-_Lark_Harbour%2C_Newfoundland_2019-08-18_(02).jpg?width=60)
Abies balsameae0 - Interactor
- EU2 isolatee0pathogen
- Outcome
- most aggressivee0
- Setting
- easte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Lark_Harbour%2C_Newfoundland_2019-08-18_(02).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate was most aggressive on both balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in the east”
Claim · model-written summary
The EU2 isolate was most aggressive on grand fir, western hemlock and western larch among western conifers.
- Taxon
- grand fir
Abies grandise0 - Interactor
- Phytophthora ramorumPhytophthora ramorumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- most aggressivee0
- Qualifier
- western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western larch (Larix occidentalis)e0
- Setting
- weste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the EU2 isolate was most aggressive on both balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in the east and grand fir (Abies grandis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western larch (Larix occidentalis) in the west”
t0“Susceptibility of Canadian flora to EU2 lineage of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Red alder produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel.
Verbatim
e0“red alder (Alnus rubra) and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) in the west produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bigleaf maple produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel.
- Taxon
- bigleaf maple
Acer macrophyllume0 - Outcome
- sporangiae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- California bay laurele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red alder (Alnus rubra) and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) in the west produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar maple was a potential spore producer, without a significant difference from California bay laurel.
- Taxon
- Sugar maple
Acer saccharume0 - Outcome
- potential spore producere0
- Comparator
- California bay laurele0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in the east was a potential spore producer but not significantly different from California bay laurel.”
Claim · model-written summary
Western hemlock needles had no symptoms but produced a small amount of sporangia.
- Taxon
- western hemlock
.jpg?width=60)
Tsuga heterophyllae0 - Organ / stage
- needlese0
- Outcome
- sporangiae0
- Value
- a small amounte0
- Qualifier
- asymptomatice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“western hemlock needles in the west were asymptomatic but produced a small amount of sporangia.”
Claim · model-written summary
White spruce produced the most sporangia per lesion area among eastern conifers.
- Taxon
- white spruce
Picea glaucae0 - Outcome
- sporangia/mm2 lesion areae0
- Direction
- moste0
- Setting
- easte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The conifer host that produced the most sporangia/mm2 lesion area was white spruce (Picea glauca) in the east”
Claim · model-written summary
Sitka spruce produced the most sporangia per lesion area among western conifers; it exceeded California bay laurel significantly in trial 1 but not trial 2.
- Taxon
- Sitka spruce
.jpg?width=60)
Picea sitchensise0 - Outcome
- sporangiae0
- Direction
- moree0
- Qualifier
- in trial 1 but not in trial 2e0
- Comparator
- California bay laurele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in the west, which produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel in trial 1 but not in trial 2.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lesion area was greatest on grand fir, balsam fir and western larch.
- Taxon
- grand firAbies grandise0
- Outcome
- Lesion areae0
- Direction
- biggeste0
- Qualifier
- balsam fir, and western larche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lesion area was biggest on grand fir (Abies grandis), balsam fir, and western larch.”