Abstract
The research was carried out in the entomology laboratory of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan from March to June 2015. The experiment consisted of nine treatments and replicated thrice and laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The effects of nine treatments (Neem oil @ 3ml/kg, Clove oil@ 2ml/kg, Citronella oil @ 2.5ml/kg, Mentha oil@ 2ml/kg, Eucalyptus oil@3ml/kg, commercial Bojho oil@1ml/kg, French basil oil@2ml/kg, Malathion@ 1gm/kg, and Control) were evaluated against pulse beetle using ½ kg metal bins as the experimental unit. Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33). Egg counts on 15 DAT, 45 DAT and 75 DAT were also recorded lowest in chickpea seed treated with Citronella oil (4.00, 5.00, 4.33) in all the dates of data recording followed by Mentha oil (4.33, 6.66, 6.00) and Eucalyptus oil (9.66, 13.00, 12.33), respectively. Interestingly, Malathion dust found effective for causing adult mortality (27.33) has reduced effect on next generation adult emergence 81.00 and 108.70 at 45 DAT and 75 DAT. Clove oil and Neem oil were also less effective with maximum egg counts and adult emergence. Thus, among all the oils used Citronella oil, Mentha oil and oils were found to be most promising in protecting grain damage by bruchids and maintaining optimum seed quality up to the 3 months of storage.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Citronella oil gave significantly higher adult bruchid mortality (27.67) than the other treatments on chickpea seed.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume1 - Treatment
- Citronell oile1
- Interactor
- bruchidse1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of adult bruchidse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 27.67e1
- Comparator
- Among the treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion dust gave adult bruchid mortality of 27.33 on chickpea seed, followed by the other treatments except citronella oil.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Malathion duste1
- Interactor
- bruchidse1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of adult bruchidse1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Value
- 27.33e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mentha oil gave adult bruchid mortality of 26.67 on chickpea seed.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Mentha oile1
- Interactor
- bruchidse1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of adult bruchidse1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Value
- 26.67e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus oil gave adult bruchid mortality of 24.33 on chickpea seed.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Eucalyptus oile1
- Interactor
- bruchidse1pest
- Outcome
- mortality of adult bruchidse1
- Direction
- followed bye1
- Value
- 24.33e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Citronella oil gave the lowest egg counts on chickpea seed at 15, 45 and 75 DAT.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- Citronella oile2
- Outcome
- Egg countse2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Value
- 4.00, 5.00, 4.33e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Egg counts on 15 DAT, 45 DAT and 75 DAT were also recorded lowest in chickpea seed treated with Citronella oil (4.00, 5.00, 4.33) in all the dates of data recording followed by Mentha oil (4.33, 6.66, 6.00) and Eucalyptus oil (9.66, 13.00, 12.33), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Mentha oil gave egg counts of 4.33, 6.66 and 6.00 on chickpea seed, followed by the next treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- Mentha oile2
- Outcome
- Egg countse2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 4.33, 6.66, 6.00e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Egg counts on 15 DAT, 45 DAT and 75 DAT were also recorded lowest in chickpea seed treated with Citronella oil (4.00, 5.00, 4.33) in all the dates of data recording followed by Mentha oil (4.33, 6.66, 6.00) and Eucalyptus oil (9.66, 13.00, 12.33), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Eucalyptus oil gave egg counts of 9.66, 13.00 and 12.33 on chickpea seed, followed by the other treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume2
- Treatment
- Eucalyptus oile2
- Outcome
- Egg countse2
- Direction
- followed bye2
- Value
- 9.66, 13.00, 12.33e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Egg counts on 15 DAT, 45 DAT and 75 DAT were also recorded lowest in chickpea seed treated with Citronella oil (4.00, 5.00, 4.33) in all the dates of data recording followed by Mentha oil (4.33, 6.66, 6.00) and Eucalyptus oil (9.66, 13.00, 12.33), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion dust reduced the effect on next generation adult emergence of bruchids (81.00 and 108.70 at 45 and 75 DAT) on chickpea seed.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Malathion duste3
- Outcome
- next generation adult emergencee3
- Direction
- reduced effecte3
- Value
- 81.00 and 108.70e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
e3“Interestingly, Malathion dust found effective for causing adult mortality (27.33) has reduced effect on next generation adult emergence 81.00 and 108.70 at 45 DAT and 75 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove oil was less effective on chickpea seed, with maximum egg counts and adult emergence.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Clove oile4
- Outcome
- egg counts and adult emergencee4
- Direction
- maximume4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
e4“Clove oil and Neem oil were also less effective with maximum egg counts and adult emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil was less effective on chickpea seed, with maximum egg counts and adult emergence.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Treatment
- Neem oile4
- Outcome
- egg counts and adult emergencee4
- Direction
- maximume4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
e4“Clove oil and Neem oil were also less effective with maximum egg counts and adult emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Citronella, Mentha and other oils are the most promising for protecting chickpea seed from bruchid damage and maintaining seed quality up to 3 months of storage.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume1
- Outcome
- protecting grain damage by bruchids and maintaining optimum seed qualitye5
- Qualifier
- up to the 3 months of storagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Among the treatments, the mortality of adult bruchids was significantly higher in chickpea seed treats with Citronell oil (27.67) followed by Malathion dust (27.33), Mentha oil (26.67) and Eucalyptus oil (24.33)”
e5“Thus, among all the oils used Citronella oil, Mentha oil and oils were found to be most promising in protecting grain damage by bruchids and maintaining optimum seed quality up to the 3 months of storage”
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