Abstract
Jinyan ( Actinidia eriantha × A. chinensis ) is one of the gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars currently being promoted in south China. However, its fruit dry matter is usually less than 16%, which seriously affects fruit quality including taste and flavor. This causes a financial loss to growers: not only are the prices paid for the fruit low because of their bad reputation for quality, but some orchards have been removed. Improvement of fruit quality is essential. In this study, a method is described for squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set. The effects on fruit quality were determined. The dry matter of fruit was increased by 6.6%. Fruit size also increased as did the chlorophyll a content and the chlorophyll:carotenoid ratio. The significantly increased fruit dry matter, resulting in significant increases in fruit soluble solids concentrations ( P < 0.01), thereby possibly improving fruit taste. Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in soluble sugar concentrations, titratable acid concentrations, and the reduced chlorophyll b concentrations. This research provides a practical method to increase fruit dry matter, and hence a way to allow fruit quality to reach commercial requirements for cultivars such as Jinyan, which under previous management systems had significant shortcomings in fruit flavor and taste.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased fruit dry matter by 6.6%.
- Taxon
- Jinyant0
- Treatment
- squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit sete1
- Outcome
- dry matter of fruite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The dry matter of fruit was increased by 6.6%”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased fruit size, chlorophyll a content and the chlorophyll to carotenoid ratio.
- Taxon
- Jinyant0
- Treatment
- squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit sete1
- Outcome
- Fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Fruit size also increased as did the chlorophyll a content and the chlorophyll:carotenoid ratio”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher dry matter significantly increased fruit soluble solids concentration.
Verbatim
e0“The significantly increased fruit dry matter, resulting in significant increases in fruit soluble solids concentrations ( P < 0.01)”
t0“Jinyan”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased fruit weight 20% versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased fruit length 7% versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased carotenoid concentration 12% versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning increased ascorbic acid concentration 19% versus controls.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls ( P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning did not significantly change soluble sugar or titratable acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- Jinyant0
- Treatment
- squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit sete1
- Outcome
- soluble sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in soluble sugar concentrations, titratable acid concentrations, and the reduced chlorophyll b concentrations”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported decrease in chlorophyll b concentration was not significant.
- Taxon
- Jinyant0
- Treatment
- squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit sete1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant difference in soluble sugar concentrations, titratable acid concentrations, and the reduced chlorophyll b concentrations”
t0“Jinyan”
e1“squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set”