Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiO 2 -NPs) are promising in nanoenabled agriculture due to their large surface area and biocompatible properties. Understanding the fundamental interaction between SiO 2 -NPs and plants is important for their sustainable use. Here, 3 week-old pakchoi ( Brassica chinensis L.) plants were sprayed with SiO 2 -NPs every 3 days for 15 days (5 mg of SiO 2 -NPs per plant), after which the phenotypes, biochemical properties, and molecular responses of the plants were evaluated. The changes in rhizosphere metabolites were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics, and the response of soil microorganisms to the SiO 2 -NPs were characterized by high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing. The results showed that the SiO 2 -NP spray had no adverse effects on photosynthesis of pakchoi plants nor on their biomass. However, the rhizosphere metabolite profile was remarkably altered upon foliar exposure to SiO 2 -NPs. Significant increases in the relative abundance of several metabolites, including sugars and sugar alcohols (1.3–9.3-fold), fatty acids (1.5–18.0-fold), and small organic acids (1.5–66.9-fold), and significant decreases in the amino acid levels (60–100%) indicated the altered carbon and nitrogen pool in the rhizosphere. Although the community structure was unchanged, several bacterial (Rhodobacteraceae and Paenibacillus ) and fungal ( Chaetomium ) genera in the rhizosphere involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles were increased. Our results provide novel insights into the environmental effects of SiO 2 -NPs and point out that foliar application of NPs can alter the soil metabolite profile.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
SiO2 nanoparticle spray had no adverse effect on pakchoi photosynthesis or biomass.
- Taxon
- pakchoie0
- Treatment
- SiO 2 -NP spraye0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis of pakchoi plants nor on their biomasse0
- Direction
- no adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the SiO 2 -NP spray had no adverse effects on photosynthesis of pakchoi plants nor on their biomass.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SiO2 nanoparticle exposure altered the rhizosphere metabolite profile.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the rhizosphere metabolite profile was remarkably altered upon foliar exposure to SiO 2 -NPs.”
t0“Pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere sugars and sugar alcohols rose 1.3–9.3-fold.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- sugars and sugar alcoholse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.3–9.3-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significant increases in the relative abundance of several metabolites, including sugars and sugar alcohols (1.3–9.3-fold)”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere fatty acids rose 1.5–18.0-fold.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.5–18.0-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significant increases in the relative abundance of several metabolites, including sugars and sugar alcohols (1.3–9.3-fold), fatty acids (1.5–18.0-fold)”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere small organic acids rose 1.5–66.9-fold.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- small organic acidse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 1.5–66.9-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Significant increases in the relative abundance of several metabolites, including sugars and sugar alcohols (1.3–9.3-fold), fatty acids (1.5–18.0-fold), and small organic acids (1.5–66.9-fold)”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere amino acid levels fell 60–100%.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Outcome
- amino acid levelse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Value
- 60–100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“significant decreases in the amino acid levels (60–100%)”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere microbial community structure was unchanged.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Although the community structure was unchanged”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhodobacteraceae and Paenibacillus increased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Interactor
- Rhodobacteraceae and PaenibacillusParacoccaceae
Paenibacilluse0other - Outcome
- bacterial (Rhodobacteraceae and Paenibacillus )e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several bacterial (Rhodobacteraceae and Paenibacillus ) and fungal ( Chaetomium ) genera in the rhizosphere involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles were increased.”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
Claim · model-written summary
Chaetomium increased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- SiO2 Nanoparticlest0
- Interactor
- Chaetomium
Chaetomiume0other - Outcome
- fungal ( Chaetomium ) generae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fungal ( Chaetomium ) genera in the rhizosphere involved in carbon and nitrogen cycles were increased.”
t0“SiO2 Nanoparticles Alters Soil Metabolite Profiles and Microbial Community Composition in the Pakchoi”
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- positive
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