Abstract
Abstract The effects of N source, fall fertilization, and preventive fungicides were evaluated in bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] artificially inoculated with Ophiosphaerella korrae and O. herpotricha , the most common spring dead spot (SDS) pathogens in the United States. The source of N applied to bermudagrass from May to August 2006–2008 had a significant effect on SDS symptoms appearing in the spring of 2007–2009. Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] provided excellent suppression of O. herpotricha but had no effect on O. korrae , which was suppressed instead by calcium nitrate (CaNO 3 ). More research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for suppression of SDS with N sources and the potential role of Mn and Ca in development of the disease. Fall applications of K, S, gypsum, or dolomitic lime had no influence on SDS development. Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha but failed to provide significant suppression of O. korrae . The differential response of SDS pathogens to fertilization practices and preventive fungicide applications highlight the importance of pathogen identification in development of integrated management programs.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen source significantly affected spring dead spot symptoms.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Treatment
- source of Ne0
- Outcome
- SDS symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The source of N applied to bermudagrass from May to August 2006–2008 had a significant effect on SDS symptoms appearing in the spring of 2007–2009”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate suppressed O. herpotricha spring dead spot.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ]e0
- Interactor
- O. herpotrichaOphiosphaerella herpotrichae0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of O. herpotrichae0
- Direction
- suppressione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] provided excellent suppression of O. herpotricha”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate had no effect on O. korrae spring dead spot.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Ammonium sulfatee1
- Interactor
- O. korraeOphiosphaerella korraee0pathogen
- Outcome
- O. korraee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had no effect on O. korrae”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
e1“Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] provided excellent suppression of O. herpotricha”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate suppressed O. korrae spring dead spot.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- calcium nitrate (CaNO 3 )e0
- Interactor
- O. korraeOphiosphaerella korraee0pathogen
- Outcome
- O. korraee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“O. korrae , which was suppressed instead by calcium nitrate (CaNO 3 )”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall potassium applications did not influence spring dead spot development.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- SDS developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall applications of K, S, gypsum, or dolomitic lime had no influence on SDS development”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall sulfur applications did not influence spring dead spot development.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- SDS developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall applications of K, S, gypsum, or dolomitic lime had no influence on SDS development”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall gypsum applications did not influence spring dead spot development.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- SDS developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall applications of K, S, gypsum, or dolomitic lime had no influence on SDS development”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall dolomitic lime applications did not influence spring dead spot development.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limee0
- Outcome
- SDS developmente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fall applications of K, S, gypsum, or dolomitic lime had no influence on SDS development”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive propiconazole controlled O. herpotricha.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- propiconazolee0
- Interactor
- O. herpotrichaOphiosphaerella herpotrichae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of O. herpotrichae0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive propiconazole plus azoxystrobin controlled O. herpotricha.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- propiconazole + azoxystrobine0
- Interactor
- O. herpotrichaOphiosphaerella herpotrichae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of O. herpotrichae0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive tebuconazole controlled O. herpotricha.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee0
- Interactor
- O. herpotrichaOphiosphaerella herpotrichae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of O. herpotrichae0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Preventive fenarimol controlled O. herpotricha.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- fenarimole0
- Interactor
- O. herpotrichaOphiosphaerella herpotrichae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control of O. herpotrichae0
- Direction
- effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested preventive fungicides failed to significantly suppress O. korrae.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Preventive applicationse1
- Interactor
- O. korraeOphiosphaerella korraee0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of O. korraee0
- Direction
- failede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but failed to provide significant suppression of O. korrae”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
e1“Preventive applications of propiconazole, propiconazole + azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, or fenarimol provided effective control of O. herpotricha”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend pathogen identification for integrated spring dead spot management.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Outcome
- pathogen identification in development of integrated management programse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differential response of SDS pathogens to fertilization practices and preventive fungicide applications highlight the importance of pathogen identification in development of integrated management programs”
t0“bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]”
The same questions in other papers
azoxystrobin · Ophiosphaerella herpotricha · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
tebuconazole · Ophiosphaerella herpotricha · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
lime · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
potassium · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.