Abstract
BACKGROUND: Agriculture represents a productive sector typically characterized by a high water demand, whereas freshwater (FW) availability is a problem of increasing concern in the world and FW resources are becoming insufficient for sustaining agricultural irrigation. The reuse of treated wastewaters (TWWs) for crop irrigation could be an efficient tool for reducing water shortage. Hence, the present study evaluated the food quality of Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa) fruits irrigated with four types of treated wastewaters (TWWs). Strawberries were analysed for yield, sucrose, fructose, glucose, total soluble polyphenols (TSP), total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), and antiradical and antioxidant capacity. In addition, a targeted quantification of the most representative phenolic compounds of strawberry was performed. RESULTS: ). The reuse of TWWs reduced fruit yield (10-26%) compared to irrigation with tap water as a control. Irrigation with TWWs gave also rise to the decrease of total sugars (14-26%), TSP (2-10%) and TMA (29-49%). Individual phenolic acids, flavonols and flavanols were quite stable in response to the irrigation with TWWs, whereas anthocyanidins decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Although TWWs negatively affected fruit quality, the nutritional and nutraceutical parameters determined in the present study were in line with data previously reported for strawberries purchased in the market or cultivated in research orchards, thus suggesting that the use of TWWs does not prevent the fruit marketability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater irrigation reduced strawberry fruit yield by 10-26% relative to tap water.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassa
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Material
- Camarosae1
- Treatment
- TWWse0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10-26%e0
- Comparator
- irrigation with tap watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The reuse of TWWs reduced fruit yield (10-26%) compared to irrigation with tap water as a control.”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater irrigation decreased strawberry total sugars by 14-26%.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Camarosae1
- Treatment
- TWWse0
- Outcome
- total sugarse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 14-26%e0
- Comparator
- irrigation with tap watere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation with TWWs gave also rise to the decrease of total sugars (14-26%)”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
e2“compared to irrigation with tap water as a control”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater irrigation decreased total soluble polyphenols by 2-10%.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae2
- Material
- Camarosae2
- Treatment
- TWWse3
- Outcome
- TSPe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 2-10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decrease of total sugars (14-26%), TSP (2-10%) and TMA (29-49%)”
e1“total soluble polyphenols (TSP)”
e2“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
e3“Irrigation with TWWs”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated wastewater irrigation decreased total monomeric anthocyanins by 29-49%.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Camarosae1
- Treatment
- TWWse2
- Outcome
- TMAe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 29-49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decrease of total sugars (14-26%), TSP (2-10%) and TMA (29-49%)”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
e2“Irrigation with TWWs”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual phenolic acids, flavonols and flavanols were stable under treated wastewater irrigation.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Camarosae1
- Treatment
- irrigation with TWWse0
- Outcome
- Individual phenolic acids, flavonols and flavanolse0
- Direction
- quite stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual phenolic acids, flavonols and flavanols were quite stable in response to the irrigation with TWWs”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanidins decreased significantly under treated wastewater irrigation.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae2
- Material
- Camarosae2
- Treatment
- irrigation with TWWse1
- Outcome
- anthocyanidinse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anthocyanidins decreased significantly”
e1“irrigation with TWWs”
e2“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The measured strawberry nutritional and nutraceutical parameters remained in line with previously reported market or research-orchard fruit.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- Camarosae1
- Outcome
- nutritional and nutraceutical parameterse0
- Comparator
- strawberries purchased in the market or cultivated in research orchardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nutritional and nutraceutical parameters determined in the present study were in line with data previously reported for strawberries purchased in the market or cultivated in research orchards”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that treated wastewater use does not prevent strawberry fruit marketability.
- Taxon
- Fragaria x ananassaFragaria ×ananassae1
- Outcome
- the use of TWWs does not prevent the fruit marketabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of TWWs does not prevent the fruit marketability”
e1“Fragaria x ananassa (cultivar Camarosa)”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.