Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot in strawberry, induces plant wilting and collapse. The pathogen survives through the production of microsclerotia in the soil and in strawberry debris. However, its management is difficult, and the disease has become an increasing problem for the strawberry industry. Physical, cultural, and chemical alternatives for integrated management of charcoal rot were evaluated in laboratory and field trials during the 2017–18 and 2018–19 strawberry seasons. In a laboratory trial, M. phaseolina microsclerotia were subjected to heat treatment and germination was inhibited at 52, 56, 80, and 95°C after 30, 10, 1, and 0.5 min of exposure, respectively. In infected strawberry crowns, microsclerotial viability was reduced after 5 min, regardless of temperature, whereas in the field, reduction was observed after 1 min. In field trials, charcoal rot incidence of inoculated strawberry plants transplanted into white-striped plastic-mulched beds was reduced to 20.8%, compared with 60.8% for plants grown in the black plastic mulch. On commercial farms, crop residue removal from infested areas reduced the M. phaseolina population in the soil but did not decrease charcoal rot incidence. Moreover, M. phaseolina propagule densities in the soil and in strawberry debris was reduced by fumigant application at crop termination but surviving propagules allowed the population to increase over the summer. Furthermore, preplant fumigation with metam potassium reduced soil population and charcoal rot incidence. Overall, the adoption of integrated approaches such as physical, chemical, and/or cultural methods played a significant role in reducing M. phaseolina inoculum and contributed to control of the disease in areas with high disease pressure.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heat inhibited M. phaseolina microsclerotial germination at four time and temperature combinations.
- Treatment
- heat treatmente0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. phaseolina microsclerotia were subjected to heat treatment and germination was inhibited at 52, 56, 80, and 95°C after 30, 10, 1, and 0.5 min of exposure, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced microsclerotial viability in infected strawberry crowns after five minutes.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- microsclerotial viabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 5 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In infected strawberry crowns, microsclerotial viability was reduced after 5 min, regardless of temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat reduced microsclerotial viability in the field after one minute.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“whereas in the field, reduction was observed after 1 min.”
Claim · model-written summary
White-striped plastic mulch reduced strawberry charcoal rot incidence to 20.8% versus 60.8% with black mulch.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- white-striped plastic-mulched bedse0
- Outcome
- charcoal rot incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 60.8%e0
- Comparator
- black plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“charcoal rot incidence of inoculated strawberry plants transplanted into white-striped plastic-mulched beds was reduced to 20.8%, compared with 60.8% for plants grown in the black plastic mulch.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue removal reduced the soil M. phaseolina population.
- Treatment
- crop residue removale0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. phaseolina population in the soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop residue removal from infested areas reduced the M. phaseolina population in the soil but did not decrease charcoal rot incidence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue removal did not decrease charcoal rot incidence.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“crop residue removal from infested areas reduced the M. phaseolina population in the soil but did not decrease charcoal rot incidence.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation at crop termination reduced M. phaseolina densities in soil and strawberry debris.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- fumigant application at crop terminatione0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- M. phaseolina propagule densities in the soil and in strawberry debrise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. phaseolina propagule densities in the soil and in strawberry debris was reduced by fumigant application at crop termination”
Claim · model-written summary
Surviving propagules allowed the population to increase over summer.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“surviving propagules allowed the population to increase over the summer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preplant metam potassium fumigation reduced the soil population and charcoal rot incidence.
- Treatment
- preplant fumigation with metam potassiume0
- Outcome
- soil population and charcoal rot incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“preplant fumigation with metam potassium reduced soil population and charcoal rot incidence.”
The same questions in other papers
fumigant · Macrophomina phaseolina · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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potassium · disease · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
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See all 6 papers →solarization · disease · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.