Abstract
The effects of salt-induced stress in drug-type Cannabis sativa L. (C. sativa), a crop with increasing global importance, are almost entirely unknown. In an indoor controlled factorial experiment involving a type-II chemovar (i.e., one which produces Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid ~THCA and cannabidiolic acid ~ CBDA), the effects of increasing NaCl concentrations (1 – 40 mM) was tested in hydroponic and aquaponic solutions during the flowering stage. Growth parameters (height, canopy volume), plant physiology (chlorophyll content, leaf-gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water use efficiency), and solution physicochemical properties (pH, EC and nutrients) was measured throughout the experiment. Upon maturation of inflorescences, plants were harvested and yield (dry inflorescence biomass) and inflorescence potency (mass-based concentration of cannabinoids) was determined. It was found that cannabinoids decreased linearly with increasing NaCl concentration: -0.026% and -0.037% THCA·mM NaCl-1 for aquaponic and hydroponic solutions, respectively. The growth and physiological responses to NaCl in hydroponic – but not the aquaponic solution – became negatively affected at 40 mM. The mechanisms of aquaponic solution which allow this potential enhanced NaCl tolerance is worthy of future investigation. Commercial cultivation involving the use of hydroponic solution should carefully monitor NaCl concentrations, so that they do not exceed the phytotoxic concentration of 40 mM found here; and are aware that NaCl in excess of 5 mM may decrease yield and potency. Additional research investigating cultivar- and rootzone-specific responses to salt-induced stress is needed.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
THCA concentration declined linearly with increasing NaCl in aquaponic solution at -0.026% THCA per mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- cannabinoidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.026%e0
- Setting
- aquaponice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cannabinoids decreased linearly with increasing NaCl concentration: -0.026% and -0.037% THCA·mM NaCl-1 for aquaponic and hydroponic solutions, respectively”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
THCA concentration declined linearly with increasing NaCl in hydroponic solution at -0.037% THCA per mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- cannabinoidse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- -0.037%e0
- Setting
- hydroponice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cannabinoids decreased linearly with increasing NaCl concentration: -0.026% and -0.037% THCA·mM NaCl-1 for aquaponic and hydroponic solutions, respectively”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth responses were negatively affected at 40 mM NaCl in hydroponic solution.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Value
- 40 mMe0
- Comparator
- aquaponic solutione0
- Setting
- hydroponice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and physiological responses to NaCl in hydroponic – but not the aquaponic solution – became negatively affected at 40 mM”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological responses were negatively affected at 40 mM NaCl in hydroponic solution.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- physiological responsese0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
- Value
- 40 mMe0
- Comparator
- aquaponic solutione0
- Setting
- hydroponice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and physiological responses to NaCl in hydroponic – but not the aquaponic solution – became negatively affected at 40 mM”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers using hydroponic solution should monitor NaCl so it does not exceed 40 mM.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- carefully monitor NaCl concentrationse0
- Value
- 40 mMe0
- Setting
- hydroponic solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Commercial cultivation involving the use of hydroponic solution should carefully monitor NaCl concentrations, so that they do not exceed the phytotoxic concentration of 40 mM found here”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl above 5 mM may reduce yield and potency.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- NaCl in excess of 5 mMe0
- Outcome
- yield and potencye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- maye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl in excess of 5 mM may decrease yield and potency”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · yield · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
sodium chloride · growth · Cannabis sativaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.