Abstract
Weed interference in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) reduces fruit yield and economic return under tropical conditions for smallholder growers who pay for labor. Field experiments were conducted in a tropical forest-savanna transition zone to evaluate the efficacy and economic benefits of hand weeding, herbicides and their combination in tomato cultivation. Pre-emergence application of propaben® (metolachor+prometryn) and butachlor, each at 2 kg∙ha−1, plus hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting reduced weed density and biomass, and increased weed control efficacy (57–64%) less than the weed-free check (100%) and better than two hand weedings (45%), or either herbicide applied alone (34–38%). Propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding increased number of leaves and branches, number of fruit and fruit yield of tomato similar to the weed-free check and better than two hand weedings, or either herbicide applied alone. Although the weed-free check gave similar fruit yield, propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding was 37–44% higher in net return. Application of propaben® or butachlor alone gave comparable net returns to two hand weedings and the weed-free check, but had a 61–88% higher cost-benefit ratio. Multiple hand weeding did not guarantee the highest yield or net return and increased cost of production. The combination of propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding will provide higher tomato yield and net return through efficient weed control at relatively lower cost.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Propaben plus hand weeding reduced weed density and biomass and increased control efficacy.
- Treatment
- propaben® (metolachor+prometryn)e0
- Outcome
- weed density and biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- two hand weedingse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Pre-emergence application of propaben® (metolachor+prometryn) and butachlor, each at 2 kg∙ha−1, plus hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting reduced weed density and biomass, and increased weed control efficacy (57–64%) less than the weed-free check (100%) and better than two hand weedings (45%), or either herbicide applied alone (34–38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus hand weeding improved weed control efficacy to 57–64% relative to hand weeding or herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- butachlor, each at 2 kg∙ha−1, plus hand weeding at 40 days after transplantinge0
- Outcome
- weed control efficacye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 57–64%e0
- Comparator
- two hand weedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Pre-emergence application of propaben® (metolachor+prometryn) and butachlor, each at 2 kg∙ha−1, plus hand weeding at 40 days after transplanting reduced weed density and biomass, and increased weed control efficacy (57–64%) less than the weed-free check (100%) and better than two hand weedings (45%), or either herbicide applied alone (34–38%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide plus hand weeding increased tomato leaves, branches, fruit number and yield versus two hand weedings or herbicide alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Propaben® or butachlor plus hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- number of leaves and branchese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- two hand weedingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding increased number of leaves and branches, number of fruit and fruit yield of tomato similar to the weed-free check and better than two hand weedings, or either herbicide applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide plus hand weeding increased tomato fruit yield and fruit number.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Propaben® or butachlor plus hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- number of fruit and fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- either herbicide applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding increased number of leaves and branches, number of fruit and fruit yield of tomato similar to the weed-free check and better than two hand weedings, or either herbicide applied alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide plus hand weeding gave 37–44% higher net return than weed-free management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- propaben® or butachlor plus hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 37–44%e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Although the weed-free check gave similar fruit yield, propaben® or butachlor plus hand weeding was 37–44% higher in net return”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide alone gave comparable net returns and a 61–88% higher cost-benefit ratio than two hand weedings and the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- propaben® or butachlor alonee0
- Outcome
- cost-benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 61–88%e0
- Comparator
- two hand weedings and the weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Application of propaben® or butachlor alone gave comparable net returns to two hand weedings and the weed-free check, but had a 61–88% higher cost-benefit ratio”
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