Abstract
In order to study the effect of silicon nutrition to increase salt tolerance in black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris, 12-day-old seedlings were treated with NaCl (0 and 50 mM) and NaCl (50 mM) + silicon (0.5 or 3 mM) in the green house for four weeks. The analyzed parameters were fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll and free proline concentrations, relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte leakage in the leaves, and the concentrations of Na+ and K+ in the shoots and roots. Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%). Moreover, the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased. However, silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl. At this case and compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%. Also, the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots). Generally, current data suggested silicon enhanced salt tolerance in black bean plants by reducing the entrance of Na+ and maintaining the level of K+ in the salinized tissues. Besides, it improved the water status, membrane integrity and function of photosynthetic machinery under salinity.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased fresh weight by 39.3% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- freshe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 39.3%e1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased dry weight by 48.4% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 48.4%e1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased total chlorophyll by 20.9% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 20.9%e1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased root K+ by 60.6% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- K+e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 60.6% in the rootse1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased shoot K+ by 20.3% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- K+e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 20.3% in the shootse1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased relative water content by 50% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- RWCe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 50%e1
- Setting
- green housee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e7“in the green house for four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased free proline by 19% in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- free prolinee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 19%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e2“the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased electrolyte leakage 2.4-fold in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 2.4 foldse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e2“the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased shoot Na+ concentration 4.6-fold in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Na+ concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 4.6 folds in the shootse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e2“the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased root Na+ concentration 3.8-fold in black bean.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Na+ concentratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 3.8 folds in the rootse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e1“Salt stress decreased the values of fresh (39.3%) and dry weight (48.4%), total chlorophyll (20.9%), K+ (60.6% in the roots; 20.3% in the shoots) and RWC (50%)”
e2“the level of free proline (19%), electrolyte leakage (2.4 folds) and Na+ concentration (4.6 folds in the shoots; 3.8 folds in the roots) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon increased fresh and dry weights by 20.3 and 66% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 20.3 and 66%e4
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon augmented total chlorophyll by 21% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle5
- Direction
- augmentede5
- Value
- 21%e5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon augmented relative water content by 83% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- RWCe5
- Direction
- augmentede5
- Value
- 83%e5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon augmented shoot K+ by 21% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- K+e5
- Direction
- augmentede5
- Value
- 21% in the shootse5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon augmented root K+ by 90% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- K+e5
- Direction
- augmentede5
- Value
- 90% in the rootse5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon decreased electrolyte leakage by 38% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 38%e5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon decreased shoot Na+ content by 39.7% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- content of Na+e5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 39.7% in the shootse5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon decreased root Na+ content by 27.8% relative to salt stress alone.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- silicone3
- Outcome
- content of Na+e5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 27.8% in the rootse5
- Comparator
- exclusively salt stresse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e3“silicon (particularly at 3 mM) ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCl”
e4“compared to exclusively salt stress, the fresh and dry weights were increased by 20.3 and 66%”
e5“the content of total chlorophyll (21%), RWC (83%) and K+ (21% in the shoots, 90% in the roots) augmented, but electrolyte leakage (38%) and the content of Na+ decreased (39.7% in the shoots, 27.8% in the roots)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon enhances salt tolerance in black bean by limiting Na+ entry and maintaining K+ in salinized tissues.
Verbatim
e6“silicon enhanced salt tolerance in black bean plants by reducing the entrance of Na+ and maintaining the level of K+ in the salinized tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved water status, membrane integrity and photosynthetic machinery function of black bean under salinity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- water status, membrane integrity and function of photosynthetic machinerye7
- Qualifier
- under salinitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“black bean variety of Phaseolus vulgaris”
e7“improved the water status, membrane integrity and function of photosynthetic machinery under salinity”
The same questions in other papers
silicon atom · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →silicon atom · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicon atom · physiology: ion balance · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicon atom · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicon atom · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
salinity · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
20 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →salinity · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →salinity · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.