Abstract
Corn producers in Iowa adopt no-tillage (NT), strip-tillage (ST) or chisel plow (CP) and either commercial fertilizer or liquid swine manure produce corn. The rising cost of commercial N fertilizers raises concerns about using alternative and viable sources of N and P for corn production. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) the responses of corn to three tillage treatments (NT, ST and CP) and four N rates (0, 84, 168 and 252 kg N ha−1) of liquid either liquid swine manure or commercial fertilizer N and 2) the effects of tillage on soil temperature, compaction, moisture storage and water extraction by corn root system. The study was conducted at the Northeast Research and Demonstration Farm of Iowa State University near Nashua. The soil at the study site is Kenyon (fine loamy, mixed mesic Typic Hapludolls) soil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with split-plot arrangement in three replications. The tillage treatments were randomly assigned to each replication as main plots and the N rates of either N source as the subplot. Results of the study showed no significant impact of tillage treatments on plant biomass and corn yield. Increasing soil N application increased corn yield and corn stalk NO3-N concentrations for both N sources. At N rates higher than 100 kg N ha−1, corn showed a luxury consumption of N for both N sources. Soil temperature in the ST treatment compared favorably with CP, but showed an overall advantage over NT, which consistently recorded lower soil temperatures and ERI. Soil moisture storage for all tillage treatments at the top 30 cm and 0 to 120 cm were not significantly different for both N sources. Soil water extraction by corn roots did not show significant differences for all tillage treatments and both N sources. Soil penetration resistance measurements for tillage treatments did not show significant differences but increased with soil depth especially in the top 20-cm soil depth and late in the growing season for both N sources.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage treatments did not significantly affect corn biomass.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of the study showed no significant impact of tillage treatments on plant biomass and corn yield”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage treatments did not significantly affect corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- no significant impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of the study showed no significant impact of tillage treatments on plant biomass and corn yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen application raised corn yield for both nitrogen sources.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Increasing soil N applicatione0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- for both N sourcese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing soil N application increased corn yield and corn stalk NO3-N concentrations for both N sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen application raised corn stalk nitrate nitrogen concentration for both sources.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Increasing soil N applicatione0
- Outcome
- corn stalk NO3-N concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- for both N sourcese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing soil N application increased corn yield and corn stalk NO3-N concentrations for both N sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn showed luxury nitrogen consumption above 100 kg N ha−1 with both nitrogen sources.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- N rates higher than 100 kg N ha−1e0
- Outcome
- luxury consumption of Ne0
- Qualifier
- for both N sourcese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At N rates higher than 100 kg N ha−1, corn showed a luxury consumption of N for both N sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip tillage soil temperature compared favorably with chisel plow and exceeded no tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- ST treatmente0
- Outcome
- Soil temperaturee0
- Direction
- overall advantagee0
- Comparator
- NTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil temperature in the ST treatment compared favorably with CP, but showed an overall advantage over NT, which consistently recorded lower soil temperatures and ERI”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage consistently recorded lower ERI.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil temperature in the ST treatment compared favorably with CP, but showed an overall advantage over NT, which consistently recorded lower soil temperatures and ERI”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil moisture storage did not significantly differ among tillage treatments for either nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- all tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil moisture storagee0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- top 30 cm and 0 to 120 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil moisture storage for all tillage treatments at the top 30 cm and 0 to 120 cm were not significantly different for both N sources”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn root water extraction did not significantly differ among tillage treatments or nitrogen sources.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- all tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil water extraction by corn rootse0
- Direction
- did not show significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water extraction by corn roots did not show significant differences for all tillage treatments and both N sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil penetration resistance did not significantly differ among tillage treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- tillage treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Soil penetration resistancee0
- Direction
- did not show significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil penetration resistance measurements for tillage treatments did not show significant differences but increased with soil depth especially in the top 20-cm soil depth and late in the growing season for both N sources”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil penetration resistance rose with depth, especially in the top 20 cm and late season.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- Soil penetration resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- late in the growing seasone0
- Setting
- top 20-cm soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil penetration resistance measurements for tillage treatments did not show significant differences but increased with soil depth especially in the top 20-cm soil depth and late in the growing season for both N sources”
t0“Effects of tillage, nitrogen source and nitrogen rate on corn response and selective soil properties in a corn-soybean rotation”
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