Abstract
AIMS: To ascertain the effectiveness of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma harzianum, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, and to optimize their application methods. METHODS AND RESULTS: The relative effectiveness of five indigenous biocontrol agents (BCA) against M. graminicola on rice cv. PS-5 was tested initially in pot culture. The BCAs, A. niger, P. chlamydosporia and P. fluorescens proved more effective, and significantly reduced the nematode disease. It is hypothesized that success of a biocontrol module may vary with the BCA and application methods. Hence, the effectiveness of the above three BCAs as well as seven different treatment schemes were evaluated in naturally infested farmer's fields during 2 consecutive years. In nematode-infested plots without any BCA treatments, terminal galls formed on the roots, and plants suffered a 19-31% decrease in the growth and yield. The treatments with P. chlamydosporia or A. niger through root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after planting were found to be highly effective against the nematode. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively greater nematode control was achieved with RD plus two SAs (15 + 30 DAP) but statistically the effect was on par with RD + one SA at 15 DAP. These treatments significantly reduced galling (22-25%), egg mass production (21-29%) and reproduction factor (63-70%) of M. graminicola, and subsequently increased the grain yield (11-21%). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Application methods enhanced the effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola. The RD plus one SA at 15 DAP proved to be most effective treatment to control root-knot disease in rice. Use of multiple treatments (root dip and SA) appears cumbersome, but in view of effectiveness and limitation of chemical control in rice paddies, farmers may adopt the above module that may lead to 11-21% yield improvement.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
A. niger significantly reduced nematode disease in rice pot culture.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Material
- PS-5e1
- Treatment
- A. nigere0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. niger
Aspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- nematode diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BCAs, A. niger, P. chlamydosporia and P. fluorescens proved more effective, and significantly reduced the nematode disease”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. chlamydosporia significantly reduced nematode disease in rice pot culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- PS-5e1
- Treatment
- P. chlamydosporiae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematode diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The BCAs, A. niger, P. chlamydosporia and P. fluorescens proved more effective, and significantly reduced the nematode disease”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens significantly reduced nematode disease in rice pot culture.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Material
- PS-5e1
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- nematode diseasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The BCAs, A. niger, P. chlamydosporia and P. fluorescens proved more effective, and significantly reduced the nematode disease”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
In untreated infested plots, root galls formed and rice growth and yield declined by 19-31%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 19-31%e0
- Qualifier
- terminal galls formed on the rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In nematode-infested plots without any BCA treatments, terminal galls formed on the roots, and plants suffered a 19-31% decrease in the growth and yield”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-dip plus one soil application of P. chlamydosporia at 15 days after planting was highly effective against the nematode.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- P. chlamydosporiae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effective against the nematodee0
- Direction
- highly effectivee0
- Qualifier
- root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with P. chlamydosporia or A. niger through root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after planting were found to be highly effective against the nematode”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-dip plus one soil application of A. niger at 15 days after planting was highly effective against the nematode.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- A. nigere0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. nigerAspergillus nigere0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effective against the nematodee0
- Direction
- highly effectivee0
- Qualifier
- root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after plantinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatments with P. chlamydosporia or A. niger through root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after planting were found to be highly effective against the nematode”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-dip plus two soil applications achieved relatively greater nematode control than one soil application, but the difference was statistically on par.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- RD plus two SAs (15 + 30 DAP)e0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- nematode controle0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- RD + one SA at 15 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relatively greater nematode control was achieved with RD plus two SAs (15 + 30 DAP) but statistically the effect was on par with RD + one SA at 15 DAP”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol treatments reduced M. graminicola galling by 22-25%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- gallinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22-25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments significantly reduced galling (22-25%), egg mass production (21-29%) and reproduction factor (63-70%) of M. graminicola”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“P. chlamydosporia or A. niger through root-dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA)”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol treatments reduced M. graminicola egg mass production by 21-29%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- egg mass productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21-29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments significantly reduced galling (22-25%), egg mass production (21-29%) and reproduction factor (63-70%) of M. graminicola”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol treatments reduced M. graminicola reproduction factor by 63-70%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- reproduction factore0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 63-70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These treatments significantly reduced galling (22-25%), egg mass production (21-29%) and reproduction factor (63-70%) of M. graminicola”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
Claim · model-written summary
The biocontrol treatments increased rice grain yield by 11-21%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse3
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11-21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and subsequently increased the grain yield (11-21%)”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
e2“effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola”
e3“These treatments significantly reduced galling”
Claim · model-written summary
Application methods enhanced biocontrol agent effectiveness against M. graminicola.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicolae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application methods enhanced the effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola”
e1“on rice cv. PS-5”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that root-dip plus one soil application at 15 DAP was the most effective rice root-knot control treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae1pathogen
- Outcome
- RD plus one SA at 15 DAP proved to be most effective treatment to control root-knot diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RD plus one SA at 15 DAP proved to be most effective treatment to control root-knot disease in rice”
e1“effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest farmers adopt the combined root-dip and soil-application module for rice nematode control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- M. graminicolaMeloidogyne graminicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- farmers may adopt the above modulee0
- Value
- 11-21%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“farmers may adopt the above module that may lead to 11-21% yield improvement”
e1“chemical control in rice paddies”
e2“effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas fluorescens · Meloidogyne graminicola · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.