Abstract
In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries. Defective agronomic practices cause reduction in yield and quality. This experiment was conducted by using non-chemical techniques including exogenous application of inorganic salts CaCl2 (3, 5 and 7 mM/L) and ZnSO4 (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) during growth stages (3-4 leaves stage and after fruit setting) and their effects on marketable yield and quality of strawberry were documented. The highest number of leaves (18.25), leaf area (47 cm 2 ) and crowns (7.50) were found with 7 mM/L CaCl2 as compared to control plants. Minimum numbers of days (27.7) for flower anthesis were recorded with 100 mg/L ZnSO4. Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application. However, maximum superoxide dismutase activity (30.2 U mg -1 protein) was examined with 100 mg/L ZnSO4 while peroxidase activity (1.05 U mg -1 protein) decreased with this concentration. Overall, the response of 7 mM/L CaCl2 was highly effective for increasing marketable yield and quality.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry Chandler had the highest leaf number with 7 mM/L CaCl2 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.25e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of leaves (18.25), leaf area (47 cm 2 ) and crowns (7.50) were found with 7 mM/L CaCl2 as compared to control plants.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry Chandler had the highest leaf area with 7 mM/L CaCl2 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 47 cm 2e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of leaves (18.25), leaf area (47 cm 2 ) and crowns (7.50) were found with 7 mM/L CaCl2 as compared to control plants.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Strawberry Chandler had the highest crown number with 7 mM/L CaCl2 compared with control plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- crownse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.50e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest number of leaves (18.25), leaf area (47 cm 2 ) and crowns (7.50) were found with 7 mM/L CaCl2 as compared to control plants.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum days to flower anthesis were recorded with 100 mg/L ZnSO4.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- flower anthesise0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 27.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum numbers of days (27.7) for flower anthesis were recorded with 100 mg/L ZnSO4.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum marketable yield was observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 348.5 g plant -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum firmness was observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- firmnesse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 0.96 kg. cm -2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum total soluble solids were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- total soluble solidse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 8.2 Brixe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum TSS:TA ratio was observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- TSS:TA ratioe0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 7.62e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum vitamin C was observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 55.69 mg 100 g -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum total phenolic contents were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher total antioxidants were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 7 mM/L CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- total antioxidantse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 75.5% DPPHe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum marketable yield (348.5 g plant -1 ), firmness (0.96 kg. cm -2 ), total soluble solids (8.2 Brix), TSS:TA ratio (7.62), vitamin C (55.69 mg 100 g -1 ), total phenolic contents (186.5 mg GAE 100 g -1 ) and higher total antioxidants (75.5% DPPH) were observed with 7 mM/L CaCl2 application.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum superoxide dismutase activity was observed with 100 mg/L ZnSO4.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 30.2 U mg -1 proteine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, maximum superoxide dismutase activity (30.2 U mg -1 protein) was examined with 100 mg/L ZnSO4 while peroxidase activity (1.05 U mg -1 protein) decreased with this concentration.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity decreased with 100 mg/L ZnSO4.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Material
- CHANDLERt0
- Treatment
- 100 mg/L ZnSO4e0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.05 U mg -1 proteine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, maximum superoxide dismutase activity (30.2 U mg -1 protein) was examined with 100 mg/L ZnSO4 while peroxidase activity (1.05 U mg -1 protein) decreased with this concentration.”
e1“In Pakistan strawberry yield and cultivation area is significantly lower as compared the major strawberry growing countries.”
t0“STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA × ANANASSA) CULTIVAR ‘CHANDLER’”
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