Abstract
Effects of different phosphate,potassium fertilizers and their rates on grain yields and cadmium (Cd) uptake by paddy rice were examined in a pot trial using a Cd contaminated soil.Results revealed that under water-logged condition combined use of N,P and K fertilizers significantly increased rice yield compared to addition of P or K fertilizer only.There were no significant differences in rice yields between the treatments of the three phosphate fertilizers but between the treatments of the three potassium fertilizers.The KCl treatment produced the highest rice yield,followed by the K2SO4 treatment,and then the KNO3 treatment producing the lowest yield.Among the three phosphate fertilizer treatments,amounts of Cd uptake by paddy rice were closely correlated with the amounts of NH+4 contained in the phosphate fertilizers,that was,the two ammonium bearing phosphate fertilizers ((NH4)2HPO4 and NH4H2PO4) significantly promoted Cd uptake by rice than Ca(H2PO4)2 did,and accordingly (NH4)2HPO4 increased Cd uptake by rice more than NH4H2PO4.Among the three potassium fertilizers,amounts of Cd uptake by rice were much higher in the treatments of KNO3 and KCl than that in the treatment of K2SO4,showing an apparent depressive effect of K2SO4 on Cd uptake by rice.No significant difference on Cd uptake by rice was observed between different rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizers.Results further revealed that on the Cd contaminated paddy soil,employing a Cd resistant rice cultivar in combination with optimized fertilizer and water management practices could lower the Cd content in rice grains far below the maximum permissible level of 0.2 mg·Cd kg-1 set by the state for the pollution-free rice production.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Combined N, P and K fertilizers significantly increased rice yield compared with P or K fertilizer only under water-logged conditions.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- combined use of N,P and K fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- addition of P or K fertilizer onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined use of N,P and K fertilizers significantly increased rice yield compared to addition of P or K fertilizer only”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no significant differences in rice yields among the three phosphate fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- three phosphate fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- rice yieldse0
- Direction
- no significant differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“There were no significant differences in rice yields between the treatments of the three phosphate fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The KCl treatment produced the highest rice yield among the three potassium fertilizers.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“The KCl treatment produced the highest rice yield,followed by the K2SO4 treatment,and then the KNO3 treatment producing the lowest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The KNO3 treatment produced the lowest rice yield among the three potassium fertilizers.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“The KCl treatment produced the highest rice yield,followed by the K2SO4 treatment,and then the KNO3 treatment producing the lowest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd uptake by rice was closely correlated with the NH4+ amounts contained in the phosphate fertilizers.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“amounts of Cd uptake by paddy rice were closely correlated with the amounts of NH+4 contained in the phosphate fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The two ammonium-bearing phosphate fertilizers significantly promoted Cd uptake by rice more than Ca(H2PO4)2 did.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“the two ammonium bearing phosphate fertilizers ((NH4)2HPO4 and NH4H2PO4) significantly promoted Cd uptake by rice than Ca(H2PO4)2 did”
Claim · model-written summary
(NH4)2HPO4 increased Cd uptake by rice more than NH4H2PO4.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“(NH4)2HPO4 increased Cd uptake by rice more than NH4H2PO4”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd uptake by rice was much higher with KNO3 and KCl than with K2SO4, showing an apparent depressive effect of K2SO4.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“amounts of Cd uptake by rice were much higher in the treatments of KNO3 and KCl than that in the treatment of K2SO4”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in Cd uptake by rice was observed between different rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizers.
- Taxon
- paddy ricet0
- Treatment
- different rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Cd uptakee0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“No significant difference on Cd uptake by rice was observed between different rates of phosphate or potassium fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
On Cd-contaminated paddy soil, a Cd resistant rice cultivar with optimized fertilizer and water management could lower grain Cd far below the 0.2 mg Cd per kg limit.
Verbatim
t0“paddy rice”
e0“employing a Cd resistant rice cultivar in combination with optimized fertilizer and water management practices could lower the Cd content in rice grains far below the maximum permissible level of 0.2 mg·Cd kg-1”
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See all 383 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.