Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND Sustainable greenhouse tomato production requires optimal fertilizer management to achieve the double‐win strategy of producing high yields and maximizing profits with less environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to seek an optimal fertilization strategy maintaining high productivity of greenhouse tomato, improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrate leaching risk. RESULTS The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 ) and plant dry matter (10 449.12 kg ha −1 ), but also enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (176.78 kg kg −1 ), soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments, that is chicken manures for basal application and chemical fertilizer for topdressing (CC), soluble organic fertilizer for topdressing (SO) and soluble chemical fertilizer for topdressing (SC). In terms of soil nutrients residue, SOSC had no obvious NO 3 − ‐N accumulation area in the 0–60 cm soil layer, unlike large accumulation in the soil layer below 30 cm in SO and SC. CONCLUSION The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers is highly recommended to sustain fruit yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil degradation risks in commercial greenhouse tomato production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soluble organic and chemical topdressing (SOSC) produced more tomato fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1) than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 75.18 Mg ha −1e1
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC produced more tomato plant dry matter (10 449.12 kg ha −1) than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- plant dry mattere2
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 10 449.12 kg ha −1e2
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e2“plant dry matter (10 449.12 kg ha −1 )”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC enhanced plant nutrient uptake in tomato compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- plant nutrients uptakee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e4“enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%)”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC enhanced nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%) in tomato compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen recovery efficiencye4
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Value
- 39.22%e4
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e4“enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%)”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC enhanced nitrogen agronomic efficiency (176.78 kg kg −1) in tomato compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- nitrogen agronomic efficiencye5
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Value
- 176.78 kg kg −1e5
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e4“enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%)”
e5“nitrogen agronomic efficiency (176.78 kg kg −1 )”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC enhanced soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC)e1
- Outcome
- soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene contente6
- Direction
- enhancede4
- Comparator
- other treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e1“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers for topdressing (SOSC) not only produced more fruit yield (75.18 Mg ha −1 )”
e4“enhanced plant nutrients uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency (39.22%)”
e6“soluble solids, vitamin C and lycopene content in tomato fruits compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SOSC showed no obvious soil NO3-N accumulation in the 0-60 cm layer, unlike large accumulation below 30 cm under SO and SC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- SOSCe0
- Outcome
- soil nutrients residuee0
- Direction
- no obviouse0
- Comparator
- SO and SCe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“enhances tomato yield and quality”
e0“In terms of soil nutrients residue, SOSC had no obvious”
e3“unlike large accumulation in the soil layer below 30 cm in SO and SC”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers is highly recommended to sustain tomato fruit yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil degradation risks in commercial greenhouse production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume7
- Treatment
- combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizerse7
- Outcome
- sustain fruit yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil degradation riskse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The combined application of soluble organic and chemical fertilizers is highly recommended to sustain fruit yield, improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil degradation risks in commercial greenhouse tomato production”
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