Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria represent a promising solution to enhancing agricultural productivity. Here, we screened phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizospheric soil of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and assessed their plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) properties including production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia and extracellular enzymes. We also investigated their tolerance to salt stress and their capacity to form biofilms. Two isolated strains, named QA1 and QF11, solubilized phosphate up to 346 mg/L, produced IAA up to 795.31 µg/mL, and tolerated up to 2 M NaCl in vitro. 16S rRNA and Cpn60 gene sequencing revealed that QA1 and QF11 belong to the genus Bacillus licheniformis and Enterobacter asburiae, respectively. In vivo, early plant growth potential showed that quinoa seeds inoculated either with QA1 or QF11 displayed higher germination rates and increased seedling growth. Under saline irrigation conditions, QA1 enhanced plant development/growth. Inoculation with QA1 increased leaf chlorophyll content index, enhanced P and K+ uptake and decreased plant Na+ uptake. Likewise, plants inoculated with QF11 strain accumulated more K+ and had reduced Na+ content. Collectively, our findings support the use of QA1 and QF11 as potential biofertilizers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with QA1 higher quinoa germination rates.
- Taxon
- quinoa
Chenopodium quinoae0 - Treatment
- inoculated either with QA1 or QF11e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, early plant growth potential showed that quinoa seeds inoculated either with QA1 or QF11 displayed higher germination rates and increased seedling growth.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with QA1 increased quinoa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae0
- Treatment
- inoculated either with QA1 or QF11e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, early plant growth potential showed that quinoa seeds inoculated either with QA1 or QF11 displayed higher germination rates and increased seedling growth.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with QF11 higher quinoa germination rates.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae0
- Treatment
- inoculated either with QA1 or QF11e0
- Interactor
- QF11e0symbiont
- Outcome
- germination ratese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, early plant growth potential showed that quinoa seeds inoculated either with QA1 or QF11 displayed higher germination rates and increased seedling growth.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with QF11 increased quinoa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- quinoaChenopodium quinoae0
- Treatment
- inoculated either with QA1 or QF11e0
- Interactor
- QF11e0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vivo, early plant growth potential showed that quinoa seeds inoculated either with QA1 or QF11 displayed higher germination rates and increased seedling growth.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QA1 enhanced quinoa growth under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- QA1e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant development/growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- saline irrigation conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under saline irrigation conditions, QA1 enhanced plant development/growth.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QA1 inoculation increased leaf chlorophyll content index.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with QA1e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll content indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with QA1 increased leaf chlorophyll content index, enhanced P and K+ uptake and decreased plant Na+ uptake.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QA1 inoculation enhanced P.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with QA1e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with QA1 increased leaf chlorophyll content index, enhanced P and K+ uptake and decreased plant Na+ uptake.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QA1 inoculation enhanced K+ uptake.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with QA1e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- K+ uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with QA1 increased leaf chlorophyll content index, enhanced P and K+ uptake and decreased plant Na+ uptake.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QA1 inoculation decreased plant Na+ uptake.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with QA1e0
- Interactor
- QA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant Na+ uptakee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with QA1 increased leaf chlorophyll content index, enhanced P and K+ uptake and decreased plant Na+ uptake.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QF11 inoculation resulted in more K+.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with QF11 straine0
- Interactor
- QF11e0symbiont
- Outcome
- K+e0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, plants inoculated with QF11 strain accumulated more K+ and had reduced Na+ content.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
QF11 inoculation resulted in reduced Na+ content.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with QF11 straine0
- Interactor
- QF11e0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na+ contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, plants inoculated with QF11 strain accumulated more K+ and had reduced Na+ content.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors support QA1 and QF11 as potential biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- Chenopodium quinoa WilldChenopodium quinoat0
- Outcome
- use of QA1 and QF11 as potential biofertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Collectively, our findings support the use of QA1 and QF11 as potential biofertilizers.”
t0“Chenopodium quinoa Willd”
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