Abstract
Forest productivity on reclaimed mine land is hindered by soil compaction. Different techniques have been used to alleviate the effect of compaction to various degrees of success. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) was developed in the Appalachians and has been used to improve forest productivity on reclaimed mines in this region. The FRA provides a step by step method designed to reduce compaction, control erosion, provide land stabilization and accelerate forest succession. This method had not been evaluated in the Gulf Coastal Plain, where the pan scraper reclamation method is commonly used. However, using pan scrapers increases mine soil compaction which reduces productivity. This study was carried out on an experimental site in Houston County, Texas managed by the Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture at Stephen F. Austin State University. The experiment was established as a randomized complete block design containing three treatments: pan scraper reclamation method traditionally used in this region, an FRA low compaction treatment, and an undisturbed control. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings of Texas provenance were hand-planted on each treatment. Loblolly pine seedlings were measured, harvested and analyzed to determine dry biomass and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) contents for the three treatments. Allometric equations relating dry weights of foliage, stem, branches and roots to diameter at groundline and height were developed to estimate tree biomass. Estimated biomass accumulation improved with FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem, 273 g root, 1579 g aboveground, and 1865 g total tree mass. On the pan scraper treatment, estimated biomass was: 159 g foliage, 67 g branch, 90 g stem, 77 g root, 334 g aboveground, 420 g total tree mass. On the control treatment, estimated mean biomass was: 244 g foliage, 111 g branch, 154 g stem, 102 g root, 537 g aboveground, 648 g total tree mass. All treatments allocated more biomass to foliage, however, biomass allocation to roots was relatively higher in the pan scraper treatment than FRA treatment. Nutrient accumulation in tree biomass was highest in FRA treatment and it followed the pattern of biomass accumulation. The nutrient concentrations in different tree tissues decreased in the order foliage > stem > root, except for N and Mg in the pan scraper treatment. Foliage concentrations for all treatments were either at or exceeded the adapted critical concentrations except for N which was slightly lower. However, N was generally the most abundant nutrient in all treatments and was highest in foliage biomass. In summary, these results show that FRA can be an effective reclamation method to improve seedling growth and biomass production in the Gulf Coastal Plain.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Allometric equations estimated pine biomass from tree dimensions.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)
Pinus taedat0 - Outcome
- tree biomasse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Allometric equations relating dry weights of foliage, stem, branches and roots to diameter at groundline and height were developed to estimate tree biomass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA improved estimated biomass accumulation relative to pan scraper reclamation.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Estimated biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- pan scraper treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Estimated biomass accumulation improved with FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem, 273 g root, 1579 g aboveground, and 1865 g total tree mass. On the pan scraper treatment, estimated biomass was: 159 g foliage, 67 g branch, 90 g stem, 77 g root, 334 g aboveground, 420 g total tree mass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 759 g foliage biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- foliagee0
- Value
- 759 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 344 g branch biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- branche0
- Value
- 344 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 440 g stem biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- steme0
- Value
- 440 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 273 g root biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- roote0
- Value
- 273 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem, 273 g root”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 1579 g aboveground biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- abovegrounde0
- Value
- 1579 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem, 273 g root, 1579 g aboveground”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FRA produced 1865 g total tree mass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- total tree masse0
- Value
- 1865 ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA treatment which produced a mean of 759 g foliage, 344 g branch, 440 g stem, 273 g root, 1579 g aboveground, and 1865 g total tree mass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pan scraper treatment produced 159 g foliage, 67 g branch and 90 g stem biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- pan scraper treatmente0
- Outcome
- estimated biomasse0
- Value
- 159 g foliage, 67 g branch, 90 g steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the pan scraper treatment, estimated biomass was: 159 g foliage, 67 g branch, 90 g stem”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pan scraper treatment produced 77 g root, 334 g aboveground and 420 g total biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- pan scraper treatmente0
- Outcome
- estimated biomasse0
- Value
- 77 g root, 334 g aboveground, 420 g total tree masse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the pan scraper treatment, estimated biomass was: 159 g foliage, 67 g branch, 90 g stem, 77 g root, 334 g aboveground, 420 g total tree mass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Undisturbed control trees had 244 g foliage, 111 g branch and 154 g stem biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Outcome
- estimated mean biomasse0
- Value
- 244 g foliage, 111 g branch, 154 g steme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the control treatment, estimated mean biomass was: 244 g foliage, 111 g branch, 154 g stem”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Undisturbed control trees had 102 g root, 537 g aboveground and 648 g total biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Outcome
- estimated mean biomasse0
- Value
- 102 g root, 537 g aboveground, 648 g total tree masse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On the control treatment, estimated mean biomass was: 244 g foliage, 111 g branch, 154 g stem, 102 g root, 537 g aboveground, 648 g total tree mass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments allocated the most biomass to foliage.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Outcome
- more biomass to foliagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments allocated more biomass to foliage”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass allocation was relatively higher with pan scraper than FRA.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- pan scraper treatmente0
- Outcome
- biomass allocation to rootse0
- Direction
- relatively highere0
- Comparator
- FRA treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biomass allocation to roots was relatively higher in the pan scraper treatment than FRA treatment”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree biomass nutrient accumulation was highest under FRA.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Treatment
- FRA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Nutrient accumulation in tree biomasse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nutrient accumulation in tree biomass was highest in FRA treatment and it followed the pattern of biomass accumulation”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree tissue nutrient concentrations declined from foliage to stem to root, except N and Mg under pan scraper treatment.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations in different tree tissuese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for N and Mg in the pan scraper treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nutrient concentrations in different tree tissues decreased in the order foliage > stem > root, except for N and Mg in the pan scraper treatment”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliage nutrient concentrations met or exceeded adapted critical concentrations except for N.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Outcome
- Foliage concentrationse0
- Direction
- at or exceedede0
- Qualifier
- except for N which was slightly lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliage concentrations for all treatments were either at or exceeded the adapted critical concentrations except for N which was slightly lower”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
N was the most abundant nutrient in all treatments and highest in foliage biomass.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N was generally the most abundant nutrient in all treatments and was highest in foliage biomass”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors concluded FRA can improve seedling growth and biomass production in the Gulf Coastal Plain.
- Taxon
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)Pinus taedat0
- Outcome
- improve seedling growth and biomass productione0
- Setting
- Gulf Coastal Plaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRA can be an effective reclamation method to improve seedling growth and biomass production in the Gulf Coastal Plain”
t0“Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)”