Abstract
A 2-yr field experiment (2017/18 and 2018/19) was conducted to study the influence of nitrogen (N) at three levels (190 = N1, 240 = N2, and 290 = N3 kg N ha−1), zinc (Zn) at three levels (0 = Zn0, 3.5 = Zn1, and 7 = Zn2 kg ha−1), and boron (B) at three levels (0 = B0, 1.2 = B1, and 2.4 = B2 kg ha−1) on sugar beet’s morpho-physiological attributes and productivity, technological sugar contents, and N-use efficiency based on root yield (RY-NUE). With the increment of N-fertilization level from N1 to N3 (290 kg ha−1) the root growth parameters, SPAD value, and root, top, biological, gross sugar and extractable sugar yields significantly increased; however, sucrose %, extractable sugar %, and purity % decreased. Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %. Also, significant decrements in impurities occurred (i.e., Na, K, and α-amino-N) along with a loss in sugar % in both seasons. Correlation analysis showed that root yield and root fresh weight had highly significant positive r values with extractable sugar and root yields, respectively. Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved the growth, SPAD value, sugar yields and their qualities, and RY-NUE of beet in a nutrients-deficient soil under semi-arid conditions.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization from N1 to N3 significantly increased root growth parameters and SPAD value of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- N-fertilization levele0
- Outcome
- root growth parameters, SPAD valuee1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Comparator
- N1e0
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e0“With the increment of N-fertilization level from N1 to N3”
e1“the root growth parameters, SPAD value, and root, top, biological, gross sugar and extractable sugar yields significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization from N1 to N3 significantly increased root, top and biological yields of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N-fertilization levele0
- Outcome
- root, top, biologicale1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Comparator
- N1e0
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e0“With the increment of N-fertilization level from N1 to N3”
e1“the root growth parameters, SPAD value, and root, top, biological, gross sugar and extractable sugar yields significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization from N1 to N3 significantly increased gross sugar and extractable sugar yields of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N-fertilization levele0
- Outcome
- gross sugar and extractable sugar yieldse1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Comparator
- N1e0
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e0“With the increment of N-fertilization level from N1 to N3”
e1“the root growth parameters, SPAD value, and root, top, biological, gross sugar and extractable sugar yields significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing N fertilization from N1 to N3 decreased sucrose, extractable sugar and purity percentages of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- N-fertilization levele0
- Outcome
- sucrose %, extractable sugar %, and purity %e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Comparator
- N1e0
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e0“With the increment of N-fertilization level from N1 to N3”
e2“however, sucrose %, extractable sugar %, and purity % decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn2 (7 kg/ha) significantly exceeded Zn0 in root growth, SPAD value and sucrose percentage of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Zn2 (7 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %e3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- Zn0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 in extractable percentage, yields and RY-NUE of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Zn2 (7 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- extractable %, yields, RY-NUEe3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- Zn0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 in purity percentage of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Zn2 (7 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- purity %e3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- Zn0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded B0 in root growth, SPAD value and sucrose percentage of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- B2 (2.4 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %e3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- B0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded B0 in extractable percentage, yields and RY-NUE of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- B2 (2.4 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- extractable %, yields, RY-NUEe3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- B0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded B0 in purity percentage of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- B2 (2.4 kg ha−1)e3
- Outcome
- purity %e3
- Direction
- significantly exceedede3
- Comparator
- B0e3
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionst0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e3“Zn2 (7 kg ha−1) and B2 (2.4 kg ha−1) significantly exceeded Zn0 and B0, respectively, in root growth, SPAD value, sucrose %, extractable %, yields, RY-NUE, and purity %”
Claim · model-written summary
Impurities (Na, K and alpha-amino-N) of sugar beet decreased significantly in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- impuritiese4
- Direction
- decrementse4
- Qualifier
- Na, K, and α-amino-Ne4
- Setting
- both seasonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e4“significant decrements in impurities occurred (i.e., Na, K, and α-amino-N) along with a loss in sugar % in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar percentage of sugar beet was lost in both seasons in association with the impurity decrease.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- sugar %e4
- Direction
- losse4
- Setting
- both seasonse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e4“significant decrements in impurities occurred (i.e., Na, K, and α-amino-N) along with a loss in sugar % in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Root yield of sugar beet had a highly significant positive correlation with extractable sugar.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Outcome
- extractable sugare5
- Direction
- positive r valuese5
- Qualifier
- root yielde5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e5“Correlation analysis showed that root yield and root fresh weight had highly significant positive r values with extractable sugar and root yields, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Root fresh weight of sugar beet had a highly significant positive correlation with root yield.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- roote5
- Outcome
- root yieldse5
- Direction
- positive r valuese5
- Qualifier
- root fresh weighte5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e5“Correlation analysis showed that root yield and root fresh weight had highly significant positive r values with extractable sugar and root yields, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved growth and SPAD value of sugar beet on nutrient-deficient soil.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2e6
- Outcome
- growth, SPAD valuee6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e6“Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved the growth, SPAD value, sugar yields and their qualities, and RY-NUE of beet in a nutrients-deficient soil under semi-arid conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved sugar yields and their qualities of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2e6
- Outcome
- sugar yields and their qualitiese6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e6“Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved the growth, SPAD value, sugar yields and their qualities, and RY-NUE of beet in a nutrients-deficient soil under semi-arid conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved RY-NUE of sugar beet.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2e6
- Outcome
- RY-NUEe6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- semi-arid conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“improves sugar beet productivity and technological sugar contents under semi-arid conditions”
e6“Integration of N3 + Zn2 + B2 improved the growth, SPAD value, sugar yields and their qualities, and RY-NUE of beet in a nutrients-deficient soil under semi-arid conditions”
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