Abstract
Field trials were conducted with preemergence dimethanamid-P + pendimethalin (D + P; 850 + 1000 g·ha−1) and reduced rates (637.5 + 750 g·ha−1 and 452 + 500 g·ha−1, 75% and 50% of label rate), followed by strongly reduced rates of postemergence herbicides nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron + dicamba (N + R + D; 4 + 15.6 + 93.5 g·ha−1, 50%), tembotrione (T; 33 g·ha−1, 50%), mesotrione + nicosulfuron (M + N; 37.5 + 15 g·ha−1, 50%), foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron (F + J; 7.5 + 0.25 g·ha−1, 20%), and nikosulfuron (N; 15 g·ha−1, 33%) applied with methylated seed oil (MSO; 1.0 L·ha−1) and ammonium nitrate (AMN; 2 kg·ha−1) on 3–5 leaves of maize to assess weed control, grain yield, and economic net return. Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize and similar or higher economic net return, despite 44 to 48% lower herbicide input than the program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture only. It brings not only notable economic benefits but also less negative impact on the environment.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced soil herbicide followed by reduced postemergence herbicides and adjuvants gave the most efficacious weed control.
- Treatment
- Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- most efficaciouse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
That reduced herbicide program gave the highest maize grain yield.
- Treatment
- Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- grain yield of maizee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize”
Claim · model-written summary
That program had similar or higher economic net return than soil herbicide alone.
- Treatment
- Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- economic net returne0
- Direction
- similar or highere0
- Comparator
- program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize and similar or higher economic net return, despite 44 to 48% lower herbicide input than the program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture only”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduced program used 44 to 48% less herbicide input than soil herbicide alone.
- Treatment
- Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvantse0
- Outcome
- herbicide inpute0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 44 to 48%e0
- Comparator
- program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced rate of soil-applied herbicide followed by reduced rates of any postemergence herbicides applied with adjuvants was the most efficacious weed control program, provided the highest grain yield of maize and similar or higher economic net return, despite 44 to 48% lower herbicide input than the program based on soil-applied herbicide mixture only”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report economic benefits and less negative environmental impact from the reduced program.
- Outcome
- notable economic benefits but also less negative impact on the environmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It brings not only notable economic benefits but also less negative impact on the environment”
e1“grain yield of maize”
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