Abstract
The effects of the dose and application method of limestone - broadcast or in furrow - and of agricultural gypsum on soil fertility, the control of clubroot, and cauliflower development in mountain farming areas were evaluated. Initially, four doses of broadcast limestone (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 Mg ha-1) and two cauliflower cultivars (Sharon and Piracicaba Precoce) were analyzed. A second experiment evaluated limestone (4.0 Mg ha-1) application treatments: broadcast and in furrow, broadcast limestone + gypsum (3.0 + 1.0 Mg ha-1), and broadcast gypsum (1.0 Mg ha-1). Soil fertility was improved, and significant increases were observed in the total and healthy root volume with increasing doses of limestone. With 4.0 Mg ha-1, a 58 and 85% increase in yield was observed in Sharon and Piracicaba, respectively, compared to the control. Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%). The application of limestone in the furrow yielded results similar to the broadcast application.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fertility improved with increasing limestone dose.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytist0 - Treatment
- increasing doses of limestonee0
- Outcome
- Soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fertility was improved, and significant increases were observed in the total and healthy root volume with increasing doses of limestone.”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Total and healthy cauliflower root volume rose significantly with increasing limestone doses.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- increasing doses of limestonee0
- Outcome
- total and healthy root volumee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases were observed in the total and healthy root volume with increasing doses of limestone.”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.0 Mg ha-1 limestone, Sharon yield rose 58% versus control.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- Sharone0
- Treatment
- 4.0 Mg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 58 and 85%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 4.0 Mg ha-1, a 58 and 85% increase in yield was observed in Sharon and Piracicaba, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4.0 Mg ha-1 limestone, Piracicaba yield rose 85% versus control.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Material
- Piracicabae0
- Treatment
- 4.0 Mg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 85%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With 4.0 Mg ha-1, a 58 and 85% increase in yield was observed in Sharon and Piracicaba, respectively, compared to the control.”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum raised soil pH at least 10%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- ≥ 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum raised base saturation at least 37%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- base saturation (V%)e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- ≥ 37%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum raised soil calcium at least 100%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca) contentse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Value
- ≥ 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum reduced aluminum ions at least 60%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- levels of aluminum ions (Al3+)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≥ 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum reduced clubroot severity at least 64%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- clubroot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≥ 64%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum favored biomass accumulation by at least 27%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- favorede0
- Value
- ≥ 27%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Limestone and limestone plus gypsum favored yield by at least 9.2%.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone and limestone + gypsume0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- favorede0
- Value
- ≥ 9.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with limestone and limestone + gypsum, regardless of the application method, elevated pH (≥ 10%), base saturation (V%) (≥ 37%), and calcium (Ca) contents (≥ 100%), and reduced the levels of aluminum ions (Al3+) (≥ 60%) and clubroot severity (≥ 64%) and favored biomass accumulation (≥ 27%) and yield (≥ 9.2%).”
t0“cauliflower”
Claim · model-written summary
In-furrow limestone application yielded results similar to broadcast application.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytist0
- Treatment
- limestone in the furrowe0
- Outcome
- results similare0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- broadcast applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of limestone in the furrow yielded results similar to the broadcast application.”
t0“cauliflower”
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See all 21 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.