Abstract
Abstract Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common micronutrient deficiency in human population, especially in regions where grain cereals are the primary supply of daily calorie intake. Zinc also performs an important role in plant growth and Zn deficiency can limit crop yield and quality. A 3‐yr field study was conducted to determine response of wheat cultivars to foliar application of Zn. Zinc sulfate was sprayed on plant canopy at a rate of 1.12 kg Zn ha −1 once (at heading) or twice (at heading and flowering). One application of Zn at heading increased grain Zn concentration by a range of 5.8 to 9.5 mg kg −1 corresponding to a 17–47% increase over the unfertilized control in various years. With the application of Zn at both heading and flowering, grain Zn concentration reached 44.3 and 52.4 mg kg −1 (in Years 2 and 3), implying an increase of 35–93% compared to the untreated control. The second application of Zn at flowering was necessary to produce grains with Zn concentration above the target level of 40 mg kg −1 to have a nutritional effect. Zinc application also marginally increased grain yield. This yield increase, however, was not adequate to offset additional production costs associated with Zn fertilization. The economic analysis revealed that the net return from the first and second Zn application was −1 and +13 USD ha −1 , respectively. Therefore, it is unlikely that farmers will be motivated to adopt this system unless a price incentive or government payments are provided for farmers for producing Zn‐biofortified grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
One heading application increased grain zinc by 5.8 to 9.5 mg kg −1, or 17–47%, over control.
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- One application of Zn at headinge0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.8 to 9.5 mg kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 17–47% increasee0
- Comparator
- unfertilized controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One application of Zn at heading increased grain Zn concentration by a range of 5.8 to 9.5 mg kg −1 corresponding to a 17–47% increase over the unfertilized control in various years.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two applications produced grain zinc concentrations of 44.3 and 52.4 mg kg −1 in Years 2 and 3.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of Zn at both heading and floweringe0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 44.3 and 52.4 mg kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 35–93%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the application of Zn at both heading and flowering, grain Zn concentration reached 44.3 and 52.4 mg kg −1 (in Years 2 and 3), implying an increase of 35–93% compared to the untreated control.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The second flowering application was necessary to exceed 40 mg kg −1 grain zinc.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- second application of Zn at floweringe0
- Value
- 40 mg kg −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second application of Zn at flowering was necessary to produce grains with Zn concentration above the target level of 40 mg kg −1 to have a nutritional effect.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application marginally increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- marginallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc application also marginally increased grain yield.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield increase did not offset additional zinc fertilization costs.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Direction
- not adequatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This yield increase, however, was not adequate to offset additional production costs associated with Zn fertilization.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The net return from the first zinc application was −1 USD ha −1.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- firste0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- −1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net return from the first and second Zn application was −1 and +13 USD ha −1 , respectively.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The net return from the second zinc application was +13 USD ha −1.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- second Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Value
- +13 USD ha −1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the net return from the first and second Zn application was −1 and +13 USD ha −1 , respectively.”
t0“bread wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adoption is unlikely without a price incentive or government payments.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- a price incentive or government paymentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is unlikely that farmers will be motivated to adopt this system unless a price incentive or government payments are provided for farmers for producing Zn‐biofortified grains.”
t0“bread wheat”
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See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.