Abstract
The study reports the results of development and performance of pneumatic precision planter to get desired seed spacing and seed rate at real field condition. Computational fluid dynamic software tool was used to optimize design and operational parameters of pneumatic seed metering mechanism. Vacuum pressure and cell diameter were simulated for cotton seeds through ICEM CFD software and precision pneumatic seed planter was developed. Aerodynamic properties like maximum terminal velocity and drag coefficient of cotton seed were found to be 8.91ms−1 and 0.63, respectively. Analytically it was proved that, the suction pressure is directly proportional to seed density, geometric mean diameter, square of air flow rate and inversely proportional to distance between seed position and cell. Reynolds number was determined and found that air flow is turbulent, hence Navier-Stokes equations were solved using standard k-e turbulence model. Results of simulation showed that optimum vacuum pressure, rotor speed and cell diameter for cotton were 2.72 kPa, 0.81 ms−1 and 2.66 mm, respectively for third seed metering model (SMM3). The predicted responses of miss index, multiple index and precision index were 6.76, 3.89 and 10.81 percent, respectively with combined desirability of 0.88 for the SMM3 model. The optimum vacuum pressure and cell diameters were derived from simulation study and a cotton precision planter was developed considering additional factor of safety to overcome tractor vibration and air leakage of mechanical components of seed metering mechanism. The simulation results were validated by testing developed metering unit under lab setup using instrumented test rig and was also evaluated for cotton planting under actual field conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton seed maximum terminal velocity was 8.91ms−1.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Outcome
- maximum terminal velocitye0
- Value
- 8.91ms−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum terminal velocity and drag coefficient of cotton seed were found to be 8.91ms−1 and 0.63, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton seed drag coefficient was 0.63.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- drag coefficiente0
- Value
- 0.63e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum terminal velocity and drag coefficient of cotton seed were found to be 8.91ms−1 and 0.63, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Suction pressure rose with seed density, geometric mean diameter and squared air flow rate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- suction pressuree0
- Direction
- directly proportionale0
- Qualifier
- seed density, geometric mean diameter, square of air flow ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the suction pressure is directly proportional to seed density, geometric mean diameter, square of air flow rate”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Suction pressure fell with distance between seed and cell.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- suction pressuree1
- Direction
- inversely proportionale0
- Qualifier
- distance between seed position and celle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inversely proportional to distance between seed position and cell”
t0“Cotton Using ANSYS Software”
e1“the suction pressure is directly proportional to seed density, geometric mean diameter, square of air flow rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The calculated air flow was turbulent.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- air flow is turbulente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reynolds number was determined and found that air flow is turbulent”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
SMM3 optimum vacuum pressure was 2.72 kPa.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- third seed metering model (SMM3)e0
- Outcome
- vacuum pressuree0
- Value
- 2.72 kPae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of simulation showed that optimum vacuum pressure, rotor speed and cell diameter for cotton were 2.72 kPa, 0.81 ms−1 and 2.66 mm, respectively for third seed metering model (SMM3)”
Claim · model-written summary
SMM3 optimum rotor speed was 0.81 ms−1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- third seed metering model (SMM3)e0
- Outcome
- rotor speede0
- Value
- 0.81 ms−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of simulation showed that optimum vacuum pressure, rotor speed and cell diameter for cotton were 2.72 kPa, 0.81 ms−1 and 2.66 mm, respectively for third seed metering model (SMM3)”
Claim · model-written summary
SMM3 optimum cell diameter was 2.66 mm.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Material
- third seed metering model (SMM3)e0
- Outcome
- cell diametere0
- Value
- 2.66 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results of simulation showed that optimum vacuum pressure, rotor speed and cell diameter for cotton were 2.72 kPa, 0.81 ms−1 and 2.66 mm, respectively for third seed metering model (SMM3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted miss index was 6.76 percent.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- miss indexe0
- Value
- 6.76e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted responses of miss index, multiple index and precision index were 6.76, 3.89 and 10.81 percent, respectively with combined desirability of 0.88 for the SMM3 model.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted multiple index was 3.89 percent.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- multiple indexe0
- Value
- 3.89e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted responses of miss index, multiple index and precision index were 6.76, 3.89 and 10.81 percent, respectively with combined desirability of 0.88 for the SMM3 model.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Predicted precision index was 10.81 percent.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- precision indexe0
- Value
- 10.81e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The predicted responses of miss index, multiple index and precision index were 6.76, 3.89 and 10.81 percent, respectively with combined desirability of 0.88 for the SMM3 model.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The SMM3 model had combined desirability of 0.88.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- combined desirabilitye0
- Value
- 0.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined desirability of 0.88 for the SMM3 model”
t0“Cotton”