Abstract
Inadequate water and nitrogen (N) supplies can limit the productivity of maize. Climate change will likely increase drought in many regions on a global scale. The determination of N fertilizer rates under field drought conditions will be critical toward the reduction of agricultural risk. For this study, drought-resistant/sensitive cultivars were selected as experimental samples. Our results revealed that drought stress reduced the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, which resulted in leaf curling, while decreasing photosynthesis levels and N accumulation. In contrast to those without N treatments, the application of N significantly increased grain yields by 26.8% during the wet year but increased only by 5.4% during the dry year. Under the same N levels, the reduction in yield caused by drought increased with the increased application of N. This was because the application of the N fertilizer translated to increase the leaf area and transpiration, exacerbated the soil water loss and induced a leaf curling state in maize, which had deleterious effects on photosynthesis and N absorption. During the dry year, the yields of drought-sensitive cultivars were even less than those without the application of N. Compared with those of drought-sensitive cultivars, the RWCs of drought-resistant cultivars decreased more rapidly, and they entered the state of leaf curling earlier. Thus, N fertilizer inputs should be reduced, and the extent of N fertilization for drought-sensitive cultivars should be reduced even further.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced maize leaf relative water content.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress reduced the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, which resulted in leaf curling, while decreasing photosynthesis levels and N accumulation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced leaf water content under drought resulted in leaf curling.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress reduced the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, which resulted in leaf curling”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased maize photosynthesis and N accumulation.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drought stress reduced the relative water content (RWC) of leaves, which resulted in leaf curling, while decreasing photosynthesis levels and N accumulation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased grain yield by 26.8% in the wet year.
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.8%e0
- Qualifier
- during the wet yeare0
- Comparator
- those without N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to those without N treatments, the application of N significantly increased grain yields by 26.8% during the wet year but increased only by 5.4% during the dry year”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased grain yield by 5.4% in the dry year.
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.4%e0
- Qualifier
- during the dry yeare0
- Comparator
- those without N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast to those without N treatments, the application of N significantly increased grain yields by 26.8% during the wet year but increased only by 5.4% during the dry year”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-related yield loss rose with increasing nitrogen application.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same N levels, the reduction in yield caused by drought increased with the increased application of N”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased maize leaf area and transpiration, worsening soil water loss.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of the N fertilizer translated to increase the leaf area and transpiration, exacerbated the soil water loss and induced a leaf curling state in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application induced leaf curling and impaired photosynthesis and N absorption.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induced a leaf curling state in maize, which had deleterious effects on photosynthesis and N absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
In the dry year, drought-sensitive cultivar yield under N was below yield without N.
- Material
- drought-sensitive cultivarse0
- Treatment
- application of Ne0
- Outcome
- yields of drought-sensitive cultivarse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Qualifier
- During the dry yeare0
- Comparator
- those without the application of Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the dry year, the yields of drought-sensitive cultivars were even less than those without the application of N”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-resistant cultivars lost relative water content faster than sensitive cultivars.
- Material
- drought-resistant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- RWCs of drought-resistant cultivarse0
- Direction
- decreased more rapidlye0
- Comparator
- drought-sensitive cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with those of drought-sensitive cultivars, the RWCs of drought-resistant cultivars decreased more rapidly”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-resistant cultivars curled leaves earlier than sensitive cultivars.
- Material
- drought-resistant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- state of leaf curlinge0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Comparator
- drought-sensitive cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with those of drought-sensitive cultivars, the RWCs of drought-resistant cultivars decreased more rapidly, and they entered the state of leaf curling earlier”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend reducing N fertilizer inputs, especially for drought-sensitive cultivars.
- Outcome
- N fertilizer inputs should be reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer inputs should be reduced, and the extent of N fertilization for drought-sensitive cultivars should be reduced even further”
t0“Maize Leaves”
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