Abstract
The flowers of angiosperm species typically contain specialized conical cells. Although substantial progress has been achieved regarding the mechanisms underlying flower development, little is known about how petal cells achieve final conical shape. Here, we use 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) as a fluorescent pH indicator for analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis and show that normal conical cell expansion requires auxin signaling and apoplastic pH changes. By combining imaging analysis and genetic and pharmacological experiments, we demonstrate that apoplastic acidification and alkalization correlate with an increase and decrease in tip sharpening of conical cells, respectively. Initial expansion of conical cells is accompanied by decreased apoplastic pH, which is associated with increased auxin signaling. Decreased auxin levels, transport, or signaling abolishes cell wall acidification and causes reduced tip sharpening and heights of conical cells. These findings provide an insight into apoplastic pH regulation of conical cell expansion.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Normal conical cell expansion requires auxin signalling and apoplastic pH changes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Compound
- auxin signalinge1
- Outcome
- normal conical cell expansione1
- Qualifier
- apoplastic pH changese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e1“normal conical cell expansion requires auxin signaling and apoplastic pH changes”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic acidification correlates with an increase in tip sharpening of conical cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- apoplastic acidificatione2
- Outcome
- tip sharpeninge2
- Direction
- increasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e2“apoplastic acidification and alkalization correlate with an increase and decrease in tip sharpening of conical cells, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic alkalization correlates with a decrease in tip sharpening of conical cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- alkalizatione2
- Outcome
- tip sharpeninge2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e2“apoplastic acidification and alkalization correlate with an increase and decrease in tip sharpening of conical cells, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Initial expansion of conical cells is accompanied by decreased apoplastic pH.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- conical cellse3
- Outcome
- apoplastic pHe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e3“Initial expansion of conical cells is accompanied by decreased apoplastic pH, which is associated with increased auxin signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased apoplastic pH is associated with increased auxin signalling.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- decreased apoplastic pHe3
- Compound
- auxine3
- Outcome
- auxin signalinge3
- Direction
- increasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e3“Initial expansion of conical cells is accompanied by decreased apoplastic pH, which is associated with increased auxin signaling”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased auxin levels, transport or signalling abolishes cell wall acidification.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Decreased auxin levels, transport, or signalinge4
- Outcome
- cell wall acidificatione4
- Direction
- abolishese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e4“Decreased auxin levels, transport, or signaling abolishes cell wall acidification and causes reduced tip sharpening and heights of conical cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreased auxin levels, transport or signalling reduces tip sharpening and height of conical cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Decreased auxin levels, transport, or signalinge4
- Outcome
- tip sharpening and heights of conical cellse4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the apoplastic pH of conical cells in Arabidopsis”
e4“Decreased auxin levels, transport, or signaling abolishes cell wall acidification and causes reduced tip sharpening and heights of conical cells”
The same questions in other papers
class · cytology · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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