Abstract
To prevent adverse effects of pesticides on human, it is a must to establish control measures in order to ensure maximum residue limits (MRLs) to be respected. Considering the concerns about pesticide residues in food and their environmental impacts, this study designed to find out the biological degradation of conventional and bio pesticides sprayed on cauliflower crop. Bio pesticides are environment-friendly products and highly biodegradable with low persistency and residual effects. Imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos were selected as convectional, while spinosad and biosal (neem compound) as bio pesticides, and were sprayed at the rates of 49.4, 642.2, 988, 35.5 and 158 g a.i. ha -1 respectively. The pesticide residues were analyzed after 0, 1, 3 and 7 days of application in the leaves and cauliflower curd using high performance liquid chromatography. First order degradation kinetics was fitted on this data and degradation rate constants and half-life were calculated. Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively). The crops treated with bio pesticides were found safer for human consumption even after few hours of spray compared with codex and EU MRLs. Whereas, endosulfan and profenofos treated crops were not found to be fit for consumption even after 7 days of application, as they were not degraded down to the EU and Codex MRL within usual pre-harvest interval (PHI). Imidacloprid being bio-rational (low risk) pesticide degraded quickly and the crop was also safe for consumption on the next day of application. This study also endorsed the hazardous impacts of endosulfan as its worldwide use is recommended to be phased out globally.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional pesticides were more persistent in cauliflower than bio pesticides.
- Taxon
- cauliflower
Brassica oleracea var. botrytise2 - Treatment
- Conventional pesticidese1
- Outcome
- persistent in the crope1
- Direction
- more persistente1
- Comparator
- bio pesticidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid had an average half-life of 2.94 days on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Outcome
- Average half-lifee1
- Value
- 2.94e1
- Qualifier
- for imidaclopride1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan had an average half-life of 4.06 days on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Outcome
- Average half-lifee1
- Value
- 4.06e1
- Qualifier
- endosulfane1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Profenofos had an average half-life of 2.74 days on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Outcome
- Average half-lifee1
- Value
- 2.74e1
- Qualifier
- profenofose1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad had an average half-life of 3.87 days on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Outcome
- Average half-lifee1
- Value
- 3.87e1
- Qualifier
- spinosade1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Biosal had an average half-life of 1.81 days on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Outcome
- Average half-lifee1
- Value
- 1.81e1
- Qualifier
- biosale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Conventional pesticides were found to be more persistent in the crop (Average half-life: 2.94, 4.06 and 2.74 days for imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos respectively) than bio pesticides (Average half-life: 3.87 and 1.81 days for spinosad and biosal respectively)”
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Cauliflower crops treated with bio pesticides were safer for human consumption than the codex and EU MRL standards allow, even after few hours of spray.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Treatment
- bio pesticidese3
- Outcome
- safer for human consumptione3
- Direction
- safere3
- Qualifier
- even after few hours of spraye3
- Comparator
- codex and EU MRLse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
e3“The crops treated with bio pesticides were found safer for human consumption even after few hours of spray compared with codex and EU MRLs”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan and profenofos treated cauliflower crops were not fit for consumption even after 7 days, because residues were not degraded to the EU and Codex MRL within the pre-harvest interval.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Treatment
- endosulfan and profenofose4
- Outcome
- fit for consumptione4
- Direction
- not found to be fite4
- Qualifier
- even after 7 days of applicatione4
- Comparator
- EU and Codex MRLe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
e4“Whereas, endosulfan and profenofos treated crops were not found to be fit for consumption even after 7 days of application, as they were not degraded down to the EU and Codex MRL within usual pre-harvest interval (PHI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid degraded quickly on cauliflower.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Treatment
- Imidaclopride5
- Outcome
- degraded quicklye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
e5“Imidacloprid being bio-rational (low risk) pesticide degraded quickly and the crop was also safe for consumption on the next day of application”
Claim · model-written summary
The cauliflower crop treated with imidacloprid was safe for consumption on the next day of application.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Treatment
- imidaclopride5
- Outcome
- safe for consumptione5
- Qualifier
- on the next day of applicatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
e5“Imidacloprid being bio-rational (low risk) pesticide degraded quickly and the crop was also safe for consumption on the next day of application”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend phasing out endosulfan use worldwide because of its hazardous impacts.
- Taxon
- cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytise2
- Compound
- endosulfane6
- Outcome
- phased out globallye6
- Qualifier
- hazardous impactse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“sprayed on cauliflower crop”
e6“This study also endorsed the hazardous impacts of endosulfan as its worldwide use is recommended to be phased out globally”
The same questions in other papers
endosulfan · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
profenofos · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
insecticide · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
25 papers more in this group
See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.