Abstract
Abstract The massive use of fossil fuels since the industrial revolution has led to a rapid increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. What effects elevated CO 2 concentrations (ECO 2 ) have on the defense mechanisms plants employ against insects remains poorly understood. This study showed that ECO 2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mol, increased the photosynthetic rate and biomass gain of tobacco and melon plants. However, while mass gain of Spodoptera litura , a nocturnal moth in the Noctuidae family, was higher when feeding on tobacco plants under ECO 2 , mass gain of Diaphania indica was reduced when feeding on melon plant at ECO 2 compared to ambient CO2. Plants have many mechanisms to defend themselves against insects. Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial element of plant defense against lepidopteran insects. Our study showed that JA levels increased in tobacco plants under ECO 2 but decreased in melon plants. It is speculated that ECO 2 changes plant resistance to insects mainly by affecting the JA signaling pathway. Nutrient analysis suggested defensive metabolites rather than changes in the total nitrogen or protein content of the plants led to the changes in plant defense levels under ECO 2 . In summary, ECO 2 affects the interaction between plants and insects. The results may provide a theoretical basis for studying the changes in crop resistance to pests under ECO 2 and predicting the impact of ECO 2 on future agro-ecosystems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased tobacco photosynthetic rate and biomass gain.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- ECO 2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mole0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and biomass gaine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ECO 2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mol, increased the photosynthetic rate and biomass gain of tobacco and melon plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased melon photosynthetic rate and biomass gain.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Treatment
- ECO 2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mole0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate and biomass gaine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“ECO 2 of 750 ± 20 mmol/mol, increased the photosynthetic rate and biomass gain of tobacco and melon plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spodoptera litura mass gain was higher on tobacco under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ECO 2e0
- Interactor
- Spodoptera litura
Spodoptera liturae0pest - Outcome
- mass gain of Spodoptera liturae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mass gain of Spodoptera litura , a nocturnal moth in the Noctuidae family, was higher when feeding on tobacco plants under ECO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Diaphania indica mass gain was reduced on melon under elevated CO2 versus ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- ECO 2e0
- Interactor
- Diaphania indica
Diaphania indicae0pest - Outcome
- mass gain of Diaphania indicae0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- ambient CO2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mass gain of Diaphania indica was reduced when feeding on melon plant at ECO 2 compared to ambient CO2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased tobacco JA levels.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ECO 2e0
- Outcome
- JA levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA levels increased in tobacco plants under ECO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 decreased melon JA levels.
- Taxon
- melonCucumis meloe0
- Treatment
- ECO 2e0
- Outcome
- JA levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“JA levels increased in tobacco plants under ECO 2 but decreased in melon plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors speculate that elevated CO2 changes insect resistance via JA signaling.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- plant resistance to insectse0
- Qualifier
- JA signaling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ECO 2 changes plant resistance to insects mainly by affecting the JA signaling pathway”
e1“tobacco and melon plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient analysis suggested defensive metabolites explained changed defense levels more than total nitrogen or protein content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Compound
- defensive metabolitese0
- Outcome
- plant defense levelse0
- Qualifier
- under ECO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“defensive metabolites rather than changes in the total nitrogen or protein content of the plants led to the changes in plant defense levels under ECO 2”
e1“tobacco and melon plants”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · Spodoptera litura · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
co2 · physiology: photosynthesis · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
co2 · physiology: photosynthesis · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.