Abstract
The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) stimulates developmental transitions including seed germination, flowering, and the transition from juvenile to adult growth stage. This study provided evidence that GA and the GA receptor GID1 (GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF1) are also needed for the embryo-to-seedling transition in Arabidopsis. The ga1-3 GA biosynthesis mutant fails to germinate unless GA is applied, whereas the gid1abc triple mutant fails to germinate because it cannot perceive endogenous or applied GA. Overexpression of the GID1a, GID1b, and GID1c GA receptors rescued the germination of a small percentage of ga1-3 seeds without GA application, and this rescue was improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, after-ripening and cold stratification. While GID1 overexpression stimulated ga1-3 seed germination, this germination was aberrant suggesting incomplete rescue of the germination process. Cotyledons emerged before the radicle, and the resulting “ghost” seedlings failed to develop a primary root, lost green coloration, and eventually died. The development of ga1-3 seedlings overexpressing GID1 was rescued by pre-germinative but not post-germinative GA application. Since the gid1abc mutant also exhibited a ghost phenotype after germination was rescued by cutting the seed coat, we concluded that both GA and GID1 are needed for the embryo-to-seedling transition prior to emergence from the seed coat.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The ga1-3 mutant failed to germinate unless GA was applied.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Material
- ga1-3e0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- germinatee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ga1-3 GA biosynthesis mutant fails to germinate unless GA is applied”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The gid1abc triple mutant failed to germinate.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gid1abce0
- Gene
- GAe0
- Outcome
- fails to germinatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the gid1abc triple mutant fails to germinate because it cannot perceive endogenous or applied GA”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
GID1 receptor overexpression rescued germination in a small percentage of ga1-3 seeds without GA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ga1-3e0
- Treatment
- Overexpressione0
- Gene
- GID1a, GID1b, and GID1ce0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Qualifier
- a small percentagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of the GID1a, GID1b, and GID1c GA receptors rescued the germination of a small percentage of ga1-3 seeds without GA application”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormancy-breaking treatments improved the rescue.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- after-ripening and cold stratificatione0
- Outcome
- this rescuee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this rescue was improved by dormancy-breaking treatments, after-ripening and cold stratification”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
GID1-overexpression germination was aberrant, with cotyledons emerging first and ghost seedlings lacking a primary root, losing green color, and dying.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- “ghost” seedlings failed to develop a primary root, lost green coloration, and eventually diede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cotyledons emerged before the radicle, and the resulting “ghost” seedlings failed to develop a primary root, lost green coloration, and eventually died”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-germinative GA rescued development of ga1-3 seedlings overexpressing GID1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ga1-3e0
- Treatment
- pre-germinativee0
- Gene
- GID1e0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Direction
- rescuede0
- Comparator
- post-germinativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The development of ga1-3 seedlings overexpressing GID1 was rescued by pre-germinative but not post-germinative GA application”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-germinative GA did not rescue ga1-3 seedling development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ga1-3e0
- Treatment
- post-germinative GA applicatione0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Comparator
- pre-germinativee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The development of ga1-3 seedlings overexpressing GID1 was rescued by pre-germinative but not post-germinative GA application”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-coat cutting rescued gid1abc germination but resulted in a ghost phenotype.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gid1abce0
- Treatment
- cutting the seed coate0
- Outcome
- ghost phenotypee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the gid1abc mutant also exhibited a ghost phenotype after germination was rescued by cutting the seed coat”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude both GA and GID1 are needed for embryo-to-seedling transition before emergence.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- GID1e0
- Compound
- GAe0
- Outcome
- embryo-to-seedling transitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both GA and GID1 are needed for the embryo-to-seedling transition prior to emergence from the seed coat”
t0“Arabidopsis seed germination”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · ArabidopsisResults differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.