Abstract
Abstract Improving the chemical conditions for plant growth in the subsoil is especially difficult in no‐till (NT) soil because of the low solubility of limestone. In this situation, gypsum may be recommended due to its ability to mobilize exchangeable Ca 2+ and other basic cations associated with SO 4 2− anions mainly in the soil profile, thereby alleviating Al toxicity. However, the response of crops to gypsum is contradictory and ranges from a substantial increase to a slight decrease in grain yield. In this work, a meta‐analysis comprising 129 harvests of six different grain crops (930 observation pairs in all) was conducted to identify the conditions under which grain yield responds to gypsum and to establish criteria for optimal management of gypsum as an amendment for NT soils. Based on the results, cereals (maize [ Zea mays L.], wheat [ Triticum aestivum L.], white oat [ Avena sativa L.], barley [ Hordeum vulgare L.], and rice [ Oryza sativa L.]) have a high probability (77–97%) of their grain yield being increased by gypsum application to soils, with Al saturation exceeding 5% in the 0.20‐ to 0.40‐m layer. The average increase in grain yield was 14 and 7% in crops growing in the presence and absence of water deficiency, respectively. A positive response of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to gypsum was observed in water‐deficient soils with Al saturation exceeding 10%. Under these conditions, the probability of a positive response of soybean was 88%, and the average yield increase was 12%. Therefore, gypsum application decreases Al toxicity to plants and increases crop grain yields as a result in NT soils with high Al saturation.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cereals have a high probability of grain yield increase from gypsum application to soils when Al saturation exceeds 5% in the subsoil layer.
- Taxon
- cerealse1
- Treatment
- gypsum application to soilse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- Al saturation exceeding 5%e3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“cereals (maize [ Zea mays L.], wheat [ Triticum aestivum L.], white oat [ Avena sativa L.], barley [ Hordeum vulgare L.], and rice [ Oryza sativa L.])”
e2“of their grain yield being increased by gypsum application to soils”
e3“with Al saturation exceeding 5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum increased average crop grain yield by 14% with water deficiency and by 7% without it.
- Taxon
- cropse4
- Treatment
- gypsum application to soilse2
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 14 and 7%e4
- Qualifier
- presence and absence of water deficiencye4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e2“of their grain yield being increased by gypsum application to soils”
e4“The average increase in grain yield was 14 and 7% in crops growing in the presence and absence of water deficiency, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean showed a positive response to gypsum in water-deficient soils with Al saturation exceeding 10%, with a probability of 88%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe5 - Treatment
- gypsume5
- Outcome
- positive responsee5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 88%e7
- Qualifier
- Al saturation exceeding 10%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A positive response of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to gypsum was observed”
e6“with Al saturation exceeding 10%”
e7“the probability of a positive response of soybean was 88%”
Claim · model-written summary
The average soybean yield increase under gypsum in water-deficient soils with Al saturation exceeding 10% was 12%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- gypsume5
- Outcome
- average yield increasee7
- Direction
- increasee7
- Value
- 12%e7
- Qualifier
- Al saturation exceeding 10%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A positive response of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to gypsum was observed”
e6“with Al saturation exceeding 10%”
e7“the average yield increase was 12%”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum application decreases Al toxicity to plants in no-till soils with high Al saturation.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- gypsum applicatione0
- Outcome
- Al toxicitye0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- NT soils with high Al saturatione1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“gypsum application decreases Al toxicity to plants”
e1“in NT soils with high Al saturation”
The same questions in other papers
lime · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
107 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
137 papers more in this group
See all 141 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.