Abstract
Abstract The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field provided the weekly data collection in the southeast of Brazil during a heat event in autumn. A system named Trop-T-FACE simulated the free-air carbon dioxide enrichment and the enhanced temperature in four climatic regimes: current atmospheric conditions (Control), CO 2 enrichment (600 ppm, eC), warming (2 °C above ambient canopy temperature, eT), and a combination of eC + eT. The area and biomass of foliage per shoot decreased, and the number of flowers per shoot and flowered ramification increased under single eC treatment besides the increment in palisade parenchyma of leaves. Increased investment in flowering in eC occurred notably when the soil water content was higher than 0.30 m 3 m –3 . Single eT treatment also impaired the area or biomass of foliage production per shoot, raised the shoot mortality, and promoted the increment of the spongy leaf parenchyma. There was some mitigation of the adverse effects of foliage production of eT or eC in eC + eT, but under this combined treatment, the shoot mortality also increased. Changes in leaf tissues under eC or eT or some mitigation of adverse effects in eC + eT did not offset the constraints on leaf growth per shoot. The harmful impact on foliage production by eC, eT, or eC + eT under rain-fed conditions indicated no advantages for feeding the livestock with the C 3 forage S. capitata in expected climate change under field conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Single eC decreased the area and biomass of foliage per shoot of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e2“The area and biomass of foliage per shoot decreased, and the number of flowers per shoot and flowered ramification increased under single eC treatment”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Single eC increased the number of flowers per shoot and flowered ramification of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e2“The area and biomass of foliage per shoot decreased, and the number of flowers per shoot and flowered ramification increased under single eC treatment”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased investment in flowering under eC occurred notably when soil water content was higher than 0.30 m3 m-3.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e4“Increased investment in flowering in eC occurred notably when the soil water content was higher than 0.30 m 3 m –3”
Claim · model-written summary
Single eC increased palisade parenchyma of leaves of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
e5“under single eC treatment besides the increment in palisade parenchyma of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Single eT impaired the area and biomass of foliage production per shoot of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
e6“Single eT treatment also impaired the area or biomass of foliage production per shoot, raised the shoot mortality, and promoted the increment of the spongy leaf parenchyma”
Claim · model-written summary
Single eT raised shoot mortality of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
e6“Single eT treatment also impaired the area or biomass of foliage production per shoot, raised the shoot mortality, and promoted the increment of the spongy leaf parenchyma”
Claim · model-written summary
Single eT increased spongy leaf parenchyma of Stylosanthes capitata relative to control.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
e6“Single eT treatment also impaired the area or biomass of foliage production per shoot, raised the shoot mortality, and promoted the increment of the spongy leaf parenchyma”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined eC + eT partly mitigated the adverse effects on foliage production seen under single eT or eC.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e7“There was some mitigation of the adverse effects of foliage production of eT or eC in eC + eT”
Claim · model-written summary
Under combined eC + eT, shoot mortality of Stylosanthes capitata increased.
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e3“current atmospheric conditions (Control)”
e4“in eC + eT, but under this combined treatment, the shoot mortality also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf tissue changes under eC or eT, or the partial mitigation under eC + eT, did not offset the constraints on leaf growth per shoot.
- Taxon
- Stylosanthes capitataStylosanthes capitatae1
- Treatment
- eC or eTe4
- Outcome
- constraints on leaf growth per shoote4
- Qualifier
- did not offsete4
Verbatim
e1“The regrowth of a C 3 forage Stylosanthes capitata in a rain-fed field”
e4“Changes in leaf tissues under eC or eT or some mitigation of adverse effects in eC + eT did not offset the constraints on leaf growth per shoot”
Claim · model-written summary
The harmful impact of eC, eT or eC + eT on foliage production indicated no advantage for feeding livestock with S. capitata under expected climate change in the field.
- Taxon
- S. capitataStylosanthes capitatae4
- Treatment
- eC, eT, or eC + eTe4
- Outcome
- advantages for feeding the livestocke4
Verbatim
e4“The harmful impact on foliage production by eC, eT, or eC + eT under rain-fed conditions indicated no advantages for feeding the livestock with the C 3 forage S. capitata in expected climate change under field conditions”