Abstract
Pb (lead) contamination in water and soils is increasing and its accumulation in plants may have serious deleterious consequences for environment and human health. Lead effects on plants still remain unclear and, therefore, a selection of Pb sensitive parameters used as biomarkers is required for improvement within the scope of Ecological Risk Assessment. In this study Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb to contaminated irrigation solutions (12.5 mg l-1 and 125 mg l-1) for 15 days. Orthogonal analyses (time vs. Pb concentration vs. organ) were carried out after one, seven and fifteen days to elucidate about the effects of this element in plants. During exposure, plant growth, nutritional imbalance, water content, soluble protein content, lipid peroxidation (malondyaldehyde accumulation) and photosynthesis (chlorophyll contents and PSII fluorescence) were assessed in order to find the most adequated parameters for further studies in under realistic environmental conditions. Morphological and growth parameters showed decreases of root and shoot growth and alterations in root branching pattern. Biochemical parameters showed nutritional imbalance mostly concerning Pb, K (potassium) and Fe (iron) contents, changes in chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio and malondyaldehyde accumulation. Therefore, such biochemical parameters may be used/ recommended as assessment parameters complementary to morphologic ones (e.g. shoot and root lengths) both in toxicological tests and further studies under realistic environmental conditions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exposure decreased root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Pb to contaminated irrigation solutions (12.5 mg l-1 and 125 mg l-1)e0
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb to contaminated irrigation solutions (12.5 mg l-1 and 125 mg l-1) for 15 days”
e1“Morphological and growth parameters showed decreases of root and shoot growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exposure altered root branching pattern.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.Lactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- alterations in root branching patterne1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb”
e1“alterations in root branching pattern”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exposure caused nutritional imbalance concerning Pb, K and Fe contents.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.Lactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- nutritional imbalance mostly concerning Pb, K (potassium) and Fe (iron) contentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb”
e1“nutritional imbalance mostly concerning Pb, K (potassium) and Fe (iron) contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exposure changed chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.Lactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratioe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb”
e1“changes in chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead exposure resulted in malondyaldehyde accumulation.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.Lactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- malondyaldehyde accumulatione1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb”
e1“and malondyaldehyde accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend biochemical parameters as complements to morphological parameters in toxicity assessment.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa L.Lactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- biochemical parameters may be used/ recommended as assessment parameters complementary to morphologic onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactuca sativa L. plants were exposed to Pb”
e1“such biochemical parameters may be used/ recommended as assessment parameters complementary to morphologic ones (e.g. shoot and root lengths) both in toxicological tests and further studies under realistic environmental conditions”
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